The Hardware Wallet Turns Twelve: How Two People in a Prague Hackerspace Invented the Industry
Twelve years ago there was no such thing as a hardware wallet. To hold your own Bitcoin safely you needed a spare computer, a working knowledge of Linux, and the nerve to trust a setup you had wired together yourself. Most people did not have all three. They left their coins on exchanges and hoped for the best. That changed on 29 July 2014, when Trezor shipped the Model One. It was the first hardware wallet ever made, and it created the category that now secures a large share of the world’s crypto. Trezor invented the hardware wallet, and with it, a practical way for ordinary people to be their own bank. Trezor Model One prototype To mark the anniversary, Trezor is running Self-Custody Week and has asked its two founders to look back at where the idea came from, and forward at the problems self-custody still has not solved. It started with a problem they had themselves In 2011, Marek “Slush” Palatinus was running the first ever Bitcoin mining pool, single-handedly. As mining got harder, keeping the operation going was a strain, and a bigger question kept coming up in conversation: once you have bitcoin, where do you safely keep it? Palatinus had met Pavol “Stick” Rusnák, an open-source and security engineer, at Brmlab, a Prague hackerspace, shortly before the city’s first Bitcoin conference in late 2011. Both were, in Rusnák’s words, computer nerds. Rusnák kept his own coins on a plain Linux laptop he used for nothing else, running the Electrum wallet, with the risks cut down by keeping everything else off the machine. It worked, but it was never something he would hand to anyone who was not an engineer. If it took that much care for them, it was out of reach for everyone else. Trezor founders The two of them, later joined by Alena Vránová, started meeting regularly to work on it. They were not hardware designers and never set out to build a device. They had a concrete problem, and hardware turned out to be the logical answer: move the private key off the computer entirely, onto a small dedicated device that signs transactions in isolation and never exposes the secret to the internet. Pavol Rusnák: “Marek and I were computer nerds. We ran Linux and we could keep our own coins safe. Even then, it never felt completely sure. The goal, half as a joke, was to make something our parents could use. They could never secure their own computers. If it only works for engineers, it doesn’t work.” A prototype at a hackerspace, and one bitcoin to buy it The first working prototype came together at the hackerspace in 2012. It was not pretty and not for the masses, but it worked, and it proved the concept could be built. By 2013 the team were confident enough to start a company around it. Rather than raise venture money, they pre-sold the devices. The founders expected tiny demand, maybe a thousand devices for the few hundred people they knew from the Bitcoin Talk forum. Kickstarter rejected them. They ran their own pre-order instead using only bitcoin, and the manufacturer told them a thousand units was far too small, pushing for thirty thousand. They settled on a committed batch of thirty thousand and produced the first third, around thirteen thousand, to start. The interest let the company fund itself and stay independent, a decision that still shapes how Trezor operates today. The Model One sold for one bitcoin, which at the time was worth somewhere around 80 dollars. Trezor Model One evolution What surprised them The hard part was not the one they expected. Rusnák had assumed the electronics would be the challenge. The first Trezor circuit board was the first he had ever designed, and it worked on the first attempt. The real problem was the plastic case. The device was so small that the margin for error on the enclosure was tiny, and getting the physical casing right turned out to be far harder than the electronics inside it. Twelve years on: the same problem, a harder version Twelve years later, the core problem has not gone away, it has changed shape. Most crypto holders still do not self-custody. Trezor’s position is that this is not because people don’t want control of their money, but because the tools and the education have not reached them yet. The device has moved on a long way from the 3D-printed box. The current Trezor Safe 7 recently won the RedDot Award for product design and also ships with quantum-ready security. The principle underneath has not changed since 2014: the keys stay with the user, the code stays open, and anyone can check the work. Pavol Rusnák: “When we started, the hard part was convincing people that self-custody was possible at all. Now the hard part is user experience. For years, custodial apps were simply easier to use, because big companies spent big budgets making them that way. That is why we have always pushed so hard on usability. A secure product that is hard to use ends up less secure, because people avoid it or make mistakes. What has changed lately is that exchanges have gotten harder to use, not easier, as new rules pile up. For the first time, holding your own keys can be the simpler option, not just the safer one.” The post The hardware wallet turns twelve: how two people in a Prague hackerspace invented the industry appeared first on Crypto Reporter.
Visa Launches Platform for Banks to Mint and Manage Stablecoins
Visa has launched a new enterprise platform that will allow banks, fintech companies and other payment providers to access, issue and manage stablecoins through a single Visa-operated environment. The Visa Stablecoin Platform, or VSP, is designed to connect stablecoin operations with the payment and treasury systems financial institutions already use. Its initial capabilities include digital wallets, stablecoin storage and redemption, and connectivity for minting and burning tokens. The platform will begin with Open USD, or OUSD, a recently introduced dollar-backed stablecoin supported by the Open Standard consortium. Visa is a founding participant in the initiative. Visa said VSP would provide financial institutions and payment companies with a simpler route into blockchain-based payments without requiring them to build the underlying wallet, custody and stablecoin infrastructure independently. “Stablecoins are opening up a new layer of programmable money, but for most institutions the hard part isn’t the concept, it’s the operational reality,” Visa Chief Product and Strategy Officer Jack Forestell said in the company’s announcement. He added that the platform would give clients one place to mint, move and manage stablecoins using the controls, security and network reach they already expect from Visa. Connecting stablecoins to existing payment systems VSP is not primarily a consumer-facing wallet or a system through which every Visa merchant will immediately accept stablecoins directly. Instead, the platform is aimed at Visa’s network of approximately 15,000 financial institutions and payment providers. These clients could use the technology to develop stablecoin-powered products and connect them to their existing treasury, settlement and money-movement processes. Visa’s network reaches more than 200 million merchant locations, giving stablecoin products developed through the platform a potential route into the existing global payment system. The distinction is significant. Merchants would not necessarily receive digital assets or interact with blockchain technology themselves. Stablecoin balances could instead be converted or settled through Visa’s existing infrastructure, allowing merchants to receive the currencies and payment formats they already use. This model addresses one of the largest obstacles facing stablecoins: limited direct merchant acceptance. Visa’s head of crypto, Cuy Sheffield, said earlier this year that stablecoins still lacked merchant acceptance at scale. Companies building stablecoin products therefore needed to connect to existing payment networks if customers were to use those balances for everyday purchases. Visa appears to be positioning itself as that bridge. Open USD becomes the platform’s first asset The platform will initially support OUSD, the stablecoin introduced by Open Standard. The consortium brings together companies from payments, finance and technology with the aim of creating shared infrastructure for global stablecoin use. Visa’s participation gives the project access to one of the world’s largest payment networks. VSP will offer wallet infrastructure through a new Wallet-as-a-Service product, as well as the connectivity required to mint and redeem OUSD. Visa has said the new stablecoin will complement, rather than replace, other assets already used in its ecosystem. The company has previously worked with stablecoins including Circle’s USDC and Paxos-backed USDG. The decision to begin with OUSD nevertheless gives the new token an important distribution advantage. Banks and fintechs using VSP will be able to integrate it into payment and treasury products through Visa’s infrastructure rather than developing separate blockchain connections. Visa expands its stablecoin strategy The launch is the latest step in Visa’s broader expansion into stablecoin settlement. In April, the company added five blockchain networks to its global settlement pilot: Arc, Base, Canton, Polygon and Tempo. Together with Avalanche, Ethereum, Solana and Stellar, the additions brought the number of supported networks to nine. Visa said its stablecoin settlement activity had reached an annualized run rate of approximately $7 billion, up 50% from the previous quarter. Although that remains small compared with the roughly $15 trillion in payments Visa settles annually, the growth indicates rising interest from banks, fintechs, issuers and payment providers. Visa has also developed more than 160 stablecoin-linked card programs that are either operational or in development around the world. These programs allow users to spend stablecoin balances through Visa credentials while merchants continue to receive conventional currency. The company is simultaneously developing technology that would allow banks to tokenize traditional deposits. Tokenized deposits could provide many of the same benefits as stablecoins, including continuous settlement and programmability, while keeping customers’ funds on bank balance sheets. Together, the initiatives show that Visa is not betting on a single form of digital money. It is building infrastructure that could support privately issued stablecoins, bank-issued tokens and conventional card payments within the same network. Payment networks adapt rather than disappear Stablecoins are sometimes presented as an alternative that could bypass card networks and correspondent banks. Visa’s strategy suggests a different outcome: blockchain settlement may become another layer inside the existing payments industry rather than replacing it entirely. Stablecoins can move continuously, settle quickly and support programmable transactions. But financial institutions still need custody, compliance, fraud controls, liquidity management, conversion into local currencies and connections to merchants. Visa already provides many of those functions in traditional payments. VSP is an attempt to extend that role into blockchain-based money. The launch also reflects growing competition among major payment companies. Mastercard has expanded its own stablecoin settlement services and formed partnerships with wallet providers, issuers and blockchain companies. Other financial institutions are exploring proprietary stablecoins, tokenized deposits and shared digital-money networks. For Visa, the central challenge is to ensure that stablecoins become an additional source of payment volume rather than a system that develops outside its network. The Visa Stablecoin Platform gives the company a direct role at several points in the transaction: wallet infrastructure, token issuance and redemption, institutional settlement and merchant connectivity. Stablecoins may change how money moves, but Visa is betting that banks and fintechs will still need a trusted network to make that money useful at global scale. The post Visa launches platform for banks to mint and manage stablecoins appeared first on Crypto Reporter.
Tether Invests $20 Million in Mercado Bitcoin to Expand Latin America Tokenization Push
Tether Holdings Ltd. will invest $20 million in Brazilian crypto platform Mercado Bitcoin, betting that demand for tokenized financial assets and blockchain-based payments will continue to grow across Latin America, according to a company announcement. The investment is part of a strategic financing round that will fund Mercado Bitcoin’s expansion in tokenized investment products, stablecoin payments, lending, on-chain capital markets and cross-border financial services, Tether said in its announcement. The deal adds to Tether’s growing portfolio of investments beyond its flagship USDT stablecoin. Flush with profits from managing the reserves backing the world’s largest dollar-pegged token, the company has increasingly deployed capital into crypto infrastructure, artificial intelligence, energy and payments businesses. Mercado Bitcoin, one of Latin America’s largest regulated digital-asset platforms, serves more than 4.5 million customers and has issued more than 2 billion reais ($370 million) of tokenized real-world assets, including private credit and fixed-income securities. Earlier this year, the company tokenized more than $200 million of private credit assets on the Bitcoin sidechain Rootstock, according to The Block. The investment comes as tokenization—the process of representing traditional financial assets on blockchains—gains momentum among banks, asset managers and crypto firms seeking faster settlement, broader investor access and lower operating costs. Latin America has emerged as a key testing ground for the technology, particularly in Brazil, where regulators have taken a comparatively open approach to digital assets. Tether Chief Executive Officer Paolo Ardoino said the investment reflects the company’s strategy of backing infrastructure that expands access to digital financial services in emerging markets. Mercado Bitcoin Chief Executive Officer Roberto Dagnoni said the funding would accelerate the company’s international expansion and strengthen its on-chain financial offerings, according to Tether’s announcement. The transaction reinforces Brazil’s position as one of the region’s most active markets for blockchain-based finance, even as competition intensifies among exchanges and fintech firms seeking to move beyond cryptocurrency trading into tokenized versions of traditional financial product The post Tether invests $20 million in Mercado Bitcoin to expand Latin America tokenization push appeared first on Crypto Reporter.
ドナルド・トランプ大統領の最新の資金開示は、暗号資産(クリプト)業界への関与の規模について、これまでで最も明確な見通しの一つを示している。ロイターの提出書類分析によれば、2025年に暗号資産に関連する事業から報告された収入は14億ドル超に上るという。 米国政府倫理局(U.S. Office of Government Ethics)が公表したこの開示によると、暗号資産はトランプ氏の最大の申告収入源となり、従来の不動産、ゴルフ、ライセンス事業からの売上を上回った。提出書類は政府倫理局のウェブサイトで公開されている。