Tiff Macklem, governor of the Bank of Canada, said that investments in artificial intelligence could lead to higher inflationary pressures in the short term and raise financial stability issues. Artificial intelligence could also affect how companies set prices. There is evidence that companies with higher levels of digitalization adjust prices more frequently than those with lower levels of digitalization. Macklem believes: "Central banks need to pay close attention to how artificial intelligence affects inflation, both indirectly through overall demand and supply, and directly through pricing behavior."