036. Zero-Day exploits:

Refer to attacks that take advantage of previously unknown vulnerabilities in software or hardware. In other wards, it's a cyber attack that:

1. Exploits a previously unknown vulnerability: The attack targets a vulnerability that has not been publicly disclosed or patched.

2. Occurs on the same day as the vulnerability's discover: Hence the term "Zero-Day," as the vulnerability is exploited on the same day it's discovered.

Characteristics:

1. Unknown vulnerability: The vulnerability is not publicly known, making it difficult to defend against.

2. No patch available: Since the vulnerability is unknown, there is no patch or fix available.

3. High severity: Zero-Day exploits often have high severity, allowing attackers to gain control or access sensitive data.

Examples:

1. Stuxnet worm(2010): Exploited a Zero-Day vulnerability in Windows to attack industrial control systems.

2. Heartbleed bug (2014): A Zero-Day vulnerability in OpenSSL encryption library.

3. WannaCry ransomware (2017): Exploited a Zero-Day vulnerability in Windows SMB protocol.

Prevention and mitigation:

1. Keep software up-to-date: Regularly update software and systems to patch known vulnerabilities.

2. Implement security measures: Use firewalls, intrusion detection, and antivirus software.

3. Monitor for suspicious activity: Regularly monitor systems for unusual behavior.

4. Have an incident response plan: Be prepared to respond quickly in case of a Zero-Day attack.

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Remember, Zero-Day exploits can be devastating. Staying informed and taking proactive security measures can help mitigate the risks.

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