Vitalik Buterin is raising a serious red flag: AI could accelerate breakthroughs in mathematics enough to weaken today’s cryptography much sooner than expected.
He believes lattice-based systems such as ML-DSA and FHE could face major risks within the next two years, with ECDSA potentially becoming vulnerable sooner as well.
Ethereum is already preparing, with its roadmap moving toward more resilient hash-based signatures.
For users, the message is simple: cryptographic security can’t be taken for granted anymore.