ItsKhanOnChain

We often say, within the blockchain world, that "privacy is a luxury." Most privacy protocols are famously slow, clunky, and resource-heavy, thus making them a nightmare for real-world integrations. This is the so-called Privacy Paradox: we want decentralization, but we aren't willing to wait minutes at a checkout counter or a digital gate for a proof to verify.
This is exactly where Dusk (@dusk_foundation) has shattered the ceiling. This is where Dusk’s work in the FORT protocol has managed to achieve the unthinkable—Zero-Knowledge Proofs in the speed of thought itself.
The Secret Sauce: Lightweight Cryptography
The breakthrough isn’t just about privacy; it’s also about efficiency. ZK proofs usually need significant computing power, but Dusk’s work was designed with the “Edge” in mind, i.e., the smartphones and smartwatches carried around daily.
Verification in the Blink of an Eye Certainly, in the context of the FORT benchmarks, the verification of the private access right "feels invisible." The protocol supports the verification of multiple connections in high-density environments such as smart cities:
Mid-range Smartphone: Below 0.005 seconds for verification.IoT low power - Raspberry Pi Zero: It required only 0.13 seconds.
This means you can prove you have a valid subscription, a VIP pass, or a "right to enter" a zone without the gate pausing. You aren't just private; you are frictionless.
Selective Disclosure: Proving Facts, Not Data
The actual tech advantage, however, lies with Attribute Blinding. You’re not asked to disclose your whole ID, which, by the way, can expose your sensitive information like your address or birthdate, but rather relies on Bulletproofs or Range Proofs, and allows you to prove specific attributes instead.

For example, instead of proving that "you are over 18" or that "your bank balance is sufficient," and instead of revealing the actual values, one can prove this to the service provider using Pedersen Commitments and keep the actual values entirely hidden.

DUSK Opportunity
As we advance to a Real-World Asset (RWA) world, there is a need to search for a chain that is not only compliant and secure, as has been described, but also fast enough to use by consumers. We know that $DUSK is the only Layer-1 built from day one to perform the heavy lifting of Zero-Knowledge math at a rate fast enough to use by consumers. In the race to win at Web3, it’s not going to be about who is most private, but who is most seamless. And with Dusk Network, privacy is finally a background process, not a barrier.
#dusk $DUSK @Dusk_Foundation

Hãy nhớ lại những ngày đầu của Internet, và nhớ xem việc đưa thông tin thẻ tín dụng của bạn lên một trang web là một rủi ro lớn như thế nào? Mọi thứ đều rõ ràng (tức là, HTTP), và các hacker có thể chặn thông tin của bạn. Sau đó, đã có HTTPS (SSL)—nói cách khác, "an toàn". cho phép Thương mại điện tử và ngân hàng hiện đại. Ngày nay, hầu hết các blockchain đang ở cấp độ "HTTP", có nghĩa là mọi thứ đều rõ ràng. Dusk đang xây dựng "HTTPS" cho tài chính toàn cầu.
Chúng ta thường nghe rằng $DUSK là dành cho các tổ chức, nhưng tại sao? Đó là vì Dusk hiểu rằng "Bảo mật" là nền tảng của bất kỳ doanh nghiệp nghiêm túc nào. Bằng cách sử dụng các chứng minh Không Kiến thức, họ đã tạo ra một mạng lưới nơi bạn có thể xác minh tính hợp lệ của một giao dịch mà không cần công khai chi tiết cho toàn thế giới. Đây không phải là về sự bí mật; đây là về Chuyên nghiệp. Đây là về việc cung cấp cho một công ty sự tự tin để đưa RWA của họ lên chuỗi mà không thực sự phục vụ chiến lược của họ cho đối thủ cạnh tranh trên một cái đĩa.

Hãy cùng thảo luận về Dusk Network và giao thức Kadcast của họ. Nếu bạn quan tâm đến crypto và công nghệ, và chăm sóc về tiện ích toàn cầu và các lĩnh vực được quản lý trong tài chính, thì $DUSK từ @dusk_foundation chắc chắn đáng để tìm hiểu. “Đây là một blockchain Layer-1 thực sự mang lại cả tiện ích và quyền riêng tư. Thành thật mà nói, nó đang bay dưới radar vào lúc này, nhưng tôi có cảm giác điều này sẽ không kéo dài lâu.”
Vâng, hãy nói về một trong những khía cạnh thông minh nhất, ít được đánh giá cao nhất của công nghệ Dusk: giao thức phát sóng peer-to-peer của nó, được gọi là Kadcast. Và thật sự, nó vượt trội hơn rất nhiều so với những triển khai giao thức đồn đại cũ mà hầu hết các blockchain phải chịu đựng.

Let’s face it: almost everything we want to do online these days requires far more information than we ought to give out.
Purchasing a concert ticket? Enter your name, email, phone number, and sometimes even your ID scan.
Subscribing to a streaming service? Link a card and the viewing history becomes forever stored.
Future smart cities or IoT type stuff? Could be your location, habits, health info – end up in somebody’s database somewhere.
We're putting our trust in those large organizations (or unscrupulous apps) not to sell, divulge, or develop secret profiles about us, tracking our movements into the future. Most persons are unaware of just how integrated their virtual life currently is.
That is exactly why Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) feels so exciting right now. The idea is simple: You are in control of your credentials. You can verifiably claim “I'm over 18”, or “I bought the VIP ticket”, or “I completed KYC”, etc. without giving away your entire life story and without some entity being the middleman.
Early this year, a certain paper was published by Xavier Salleras (from Dusk Network) titled Citadel: Self-Sovereign Identities on Dusk Network, which actually tries to solve this in a serious, privacy-first way.
Most NFT-based identity projects today are still far from reaching that ideal.
A lot of teams tried putting tickets, memberships or access rights on-chain as NFTs — more often than not, on Ethereum or similar chains.
You mint NFT, you prove ownership with a zero-knowledge proof, but no one knows what’s inside.
Sounds good, doesn't it… until one looks at it
The information contained in the NFT itself is typically completely public (Token ID, address, date of mint, etc.)Even if the users hide their information, linking between the events or services could deanonymize users still.
Revoking a stolen ticket or a cancelled membership? Very hard without either violating privacy or using a centralized server.
Citadel was designed specifically to fix those exact issues, and it does so by living natively inside Dusk Network, a Layer-1 chain that has been designed for privacy from day one.
How Citadel actually works-the cool part

The Citadel SSI Workflow: Privacy-preserving interaction between Issuer, User and Verifier.
Dusk already has an extremely elegant transaction model called Phoenix; confidential notes — like private UTXOs — with zk-SNARK proofs on every transfer.
Citadel extends that very system to create private NFTs; they call them private notes carrying rights/licenses.
Two Flavors:
Type 2: Semi-transparent NFT (metadata visible, however benefits from Dusk privacy everywhere else)
Type 3: Fully encrypted payload. Only the owner can decrypt the contents (i.e., the ticket details, a signature from the issuer, and the expiry date).
Real-world example:
You want a festival ticketYou send $DUSK payment to the organizer via PhoenixThe Organizer then signs your attributes: (VIP access, valid 3 days, holder over 18)They mint a private encrypted NFT note and send it to a one-time stealth address that you createdThat message remains private on the Dusk blockchain, and no one else can read what is contained thereAt the gate, you generate a zk-SNARK proof showing:
• You own/decrypt this note
• The signature is valid
• The note has not been spent or revoked …all without revealing your identity or the note itself
Why this actually matters?
No on-chain traces that join you across events or services.True decentralized revocation - organizer able to revoke stolen tickets through consensus without requiring access to your wallet.You choose what to reveal, just the word ‘over 18’, ‘VIP holder’, etc., never the actual ticket data itself.Mobile friendly – heavy proof generation can be left to helpers (which Dusk’s approach safely supports).No need for gas wars or wallet linking as in Ethereum.
Imagine 2026
Buy festival tickets anonymously.Get venue access without scanning a QR code that links to your wallet history.Organizer revokes fake tickets without a central server.Same technology that's been used for parking rights, gym memberships, and other regulated DeFi apps and privacy-preserving voting systems.
That is the kind of future that Citadel is pointing to. @dusk_foundation has been working on its own privacy infrastructure, but the Citadel cum RWA tokenization drive, along with the push for MiCA, could make $DUSK one of the cleanest chains for private yet regulated activity. What do you think? Are we finally close to tickets & rights that are both secure and private?
#dusk $DUSK @Dusk_Foundation

Blockchain luôn phát triển, và điều này đặc biệt đúng khi nói đến việc tìm kiếm sự cân bằng giữa quyền riêng tư và nhu cầu về quy định và kiểm toán. Các blockchain truyền thống, chẳng hạn như Bitcoin hoặc Ethereum, hoàn toàn về tính minh bạch. Bạn có thể thấy giá trị giao dịch, số dư ví, tất cả mọi thứ. Điều này thật tuyệt vời nếu bạn muốn minh bạch, nhưng không tốt nếu bạn muốn duy trì quyền riêng tư, chẳng hạn như trong quản lý kinh doanh hoặc chuỗi cung ứng.
Đây là nơi Haults, một giao thức được phát triển bởi $DUSK Mạng, xuất hiện. Nó đại diện cho Vaults dựa trên Mã hóa Homomorphic, và đây là một giao thức mới đã xuất hiện từ một số nghiên cứu mới. Điều thú vị về Haults là nó kết hợp mã hóa homomorphic, chứng minh không biết và hợp đồng thông minh. Khi bạn kết hợp tất cả những điều này, bạn có một hệ thống cho phép bạn duy trì quyền riêng tư của các số dư của bạn, ngay cả trên các blockchain sử dụng máy ảo, chẳng hạn như những cái tương thích với Ethereum.

Dusk Reinforced Concrete (RC) là một hàm băm mới siêu nhanh trong các chứng minh không kiến thức (như ZK-SNARKs hoặc STARKs). Nó không giống như các hàm băm thông thường (như SHA-256). Thay vào đó, nó được thiết kế để làm việc trực tiếp trên các trường toán học (các trường số nguyên tố) để các chứng minh cần ít phép nhân hơn và nhanh hơn rất nhiều.
Đầu tiên, hãy hiểu điều này: Hàm băm là gì?
Một hàm băm giống như một cỗ máy lấy dữ liệu có kích thước bất kỳ và tạo ra một "dấu vân tay" có kích thước cố định.
Dấu vân tay này nhạy cảm đến mức ngay cả một thay đổi nhỏ trong dữ liệu cũng hoàn toàn thay đổi dấu vân tay.

Dusk Network is more than just another privacy coin. It is a conscious effort to create a blockchain on which real-world financial transactions can take place without revealing who is sending what to whom and why. To achieve this, the network relies very heavily on a shortlist of very specific cryptographic primitives: Pedersen commitments, Bulletproofs, EdDSA, bLSAG, BLS signatures, and zero-knowledge proofs in general.
These are not selected because they are fashionable. They are selected because each one addresses a specific problem that cannot be solved by simpler tools (basic ECDSA, basic hashes, basic public keys) without breaking either privacy or performance.
I can take you through each component and explain the real-world need that drove its creation and how they all work together in Dusk’s design.
1. Pedersen Commitments – Hiding values while still being able to prove they add up
Suppose you wanted to send funds on-chain but didn’t want the amount to be visible. However, the network still needs to be able to verify that the total amount of money going in is equal to the total amount of money going out (no inflation, no magic money creation).
A simple public-key encryption scheme would allow you to hide the amount. However, then you could never prove that the two hidden amounts added up to something.
Pedersen commitments exactly solve this problem.
You choose two group elements G and H, where the discrete log relationship between H and G is unknown (in practice, H is computed from G via a hash-to-point so that no one knows the log). To commit to a value x, you compute C = rG + xH.
The "magic" here is:
Hiding: Even if an attacker has unlimited compute power, they can’t figure out x from C (since that would require solving the discrete log problem for H).Binding: You can’t open the same C to two different values (discrete log hardness again).Additive homomorphism: C(x1, r1) + C(x2, r2) = C(x1+x2, r1+r2). You can add commitments without knowing the values.
In Dusk, this is used for every confidential transaction output. The sender commits to the amount they are sending and the amount they are receiving (the change). The network only sees commitments, but it can prove that they add up to zero using the homomorphism. No amounts ever go on the chain in the clear.
Vector Pedersen applies the same concept to multiple values at once (amount + blinding + memo field + whatever else you want to hide together). That’s why the paper presents the vector form – Dusk frequently needs to commit to multiple scalars at once.

2. Bulletproofs – Proving “this hidden number is between 0 and 2⁶⁴” without revealing it
With hidden numbers comes the next challenge: how to prove that the number is non-negative (or within a valid range) without revealing the number itself?
Traditional range proofs (as in old confidential transactions in Monero before Bulletproofs) were massive – several kilobytes per output.
Bulletproofs reduced this to ~2 KB for a 64-bit range, and importantly, without trusted setup.
The key to Bulletproofs’ efficiency is that they prove assertions about arithmetic circuits using inner-product proofs. The prover and verifier both operate on vectors whose inner product represents the range constraint. The proof size is merely logarithmic in the bitsize of the range.
In Dusk, Bulletproofs are used to prove:
The transaction amounts are in [0, 2⁶⁴)Correct computation of the Poseidon hash (used for note commitments) in a circuitVarious other small circuit integrity checks
Poseidon is selected specifically for its suitability for arithmetic circuits (low multiplicative depth), which keeps the Bulletproof circuit small and efficient to prove/verify.
The verification time is linear in the size of the circuit, but since the circuits Dusk employs are very small (primarily Poseidon calls), this remains feasible even on mobile hardware.

3. Signature schemes – the various roles they play in Dusk
EdDSA – efficient, deterministic, non-malleable message authentication
For regular peer-to-peer messages (gossiping, block announcements, and so on), Dusk employs EdDSA on Curve25519.
Why not ECDSA?
EdDSA is deterministic → no bad randomness can reveal the private key.
Twisted Edwards curve provides faster arithmetic and complete addition laws (no special cases).
The signature consists of merely two group elements — very compact and efficient to verify.It is the go-to scheme for anything that does not require anonymity.bLSAG (Back Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signatures) – anonymous spending with double-spend protectionThis is the ring signature variant used for spending notes.
You have a set of public keys (the ring). You prove you know the secret key for one of them, without revealing which one. The signature size is constant, regardless of the ring size.
Linkability is provided by the key-image: a deterministic value computed from the secret key, and key-images are unique for each key. If you attempt to spend the same note twice, the key-images match → double-spend detected.
The “spontaneous” component indicates that there is no setup process, and anyone can choose any ring on the fly. The “Back” component refers to Adam Back’s solution that enabled linkability without compromising anonymity.
This is what enables Dusk to have anonymous transactions like Monero but also allows for double-spend detection on-chain.

BLS signatures – aggregation for consensus
BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) signatures live on pairing-friendly curves (BN-254 or BLS12-381). The pairing enables aggregation of many signatures into one short signature that verifies against the aggregated public key.
In $DUSK , this is applied in the consensus layer: hundreds of validators can sign the same block, and their signatures are aggregated on the fly, leaving only one signature on-chain. Block size remains small even with thousands of signers.
The drawback is that BLS signatures need a trusted setup for the curve parameters (or MPC ceremony), but after that, it is very powerful.

4. Zero-knowledge proofs – the overall philosophy
All the above building blocks are ultimately employed within larger zero-knowledge proofs.
The zero-knowledge proofs of $DUSK must fulfill three properties (which are explicitly stated in the paper):
Completeness – honest prover always convinces honest verifier.Soundness – cheating prover cannot convince verifier except with negligible probability.Zero-knowledge – verifier learns nothing beyond the truth of the statement.
The explanation for why these three properties are absolutely essential is straightforward: in a privacy coin, the proof is literally the only thing between the user’s financial privacy and complete transparency. If soundness is broken, then someone can print fake money. If zero-knowledge is broken, then the entire point of privacy is moot.
Dusk employs a mix of Bulletproofs (for range and circuit proofs) and other SNARK-friendly methods within its transaction proofs. This means that the observer can see only the proof and the commitments, while everything else remains hidden.

Why this particular set of tools?
It’s not possible to get everything done with one primitive. Pedersen’s gives you anonymity + binding + additivity. Bulletproofs give you efficient range and circuit proofs on top of those commitments. bLSAG gives you anonymity for spending. BLS gives you efficient consensus. EdDSA gives you fast everyday signing. They all combine to create a layered system where each layer solves exactly the problem the layer above can’t solve.
This is why Dusk’s design appears “over-engineered” compared to other, simpler chains – because it’s a harder set of problems to solve. Most other chains have to give up either privacy or scalability. Dusk is attempting to preserve both, and this requires using this particular set of cryptographic tools.
#dusk $DUSK @Dusk_Foundation

Mạng Dusk là một blockchain được xây dựng với tính riêng tư ở trung tâm, dành cho thế giới tài chính được quy định. Đội ngũ đã lựa chọn các công cụ mật mã của mình một cách cẩn thận—họ muốn giữ mọi thứ riêng tư, nhưng không đến mức mà các nhà quản lý không thể thực hiện công việc của họ. Đồng thời, họ cũng mong muốn tốc độ và hiệu quả mà không làm giảm an ninh. Tài liệu trắng năm 2024 đã chỉ ra điều này: Mật mã của Dusk cho phép người dùng giữ danh tính ẩn danh khi họ cần, nhưng nó cũng để lại khoảng trống cho các cuộc kiểm toán thích hợp. Các giao dịch hoàn thành nhanh chóng và không tiêu tốn quá nhiều tài nguyên. Hãy phân tích lý do tại sao mỗi công cụ mật mã lại được chọn và xem chúng giúp đỡ như thế nào trong việc đồng thuận, giao dịch và giữ cho mọi thứ hoạt động trơn tru.

Dusk Network is not another blockchain. It is one of the ones out there. This is especially true now in 2026. Dusk Network is doing something cool with real-world assets. They are making it possible to turn these assets into tokens. This is a deal because it makes finance work better with rules and laws. Dusk Network is really good at this. They are one of the leaders, in this area. Dusk Network is doing a job with this.
Here is what really sets Dusk apart: Dusk does not go all the way with total anonymity like some privacy coins and Dusk does not make everything public either. Instead Dusk focuses on privacy for $DUSK . The whole idea of Dusk from the start was to help markets and institutions such as people who need to follow all the rules of MiCA and MiFID II but who also need to keep sensitive business information private, for Dusk. That’s the balance Dusk strikes, and honestly, not many projects do it like this.
The Heart of Dusk — Segregated Byzantine Agreement (SBA)
Dusk uses something called Segregated Byzantine Agreement or SBA for short. Dusks Segregated Byzantine Agreement is their version of Proof-of-Stake. The Segregated Byzantine Agreement that Dusk uses goes for something called finality. This means that once a few steps are taken with Dusks Segregated Byzantine Agreement you can be very sure that the chain will not fork. Dusks Segregated Byzantine Agreement is an improvement, over the usual Proof-of-Stake approach. The usual Proof-of-Stake approach always leaves some doubt. Dusks Segregated Byzantine Agreement does not.
SBA splits people into two groups, and it keeps them strictly apart. First, you’ve got the Generators. They’re the ones who come up with new blocks—think of them as the leaders or proposers you see in classic BFT systems. Then there are the Provisioners. Their job is to check and finalize those blocks, just like voters or attesters.
Dusk does a job of keeping things safe by separating these roles. This really cuts down the ways that bad people might try to mess with the system. You see, of having one big group that does all the work Dusk has two separate teams, each with their own task. Dusk makes the system safer by doing this. The two teams that Dusk has are each responsible, for their job.
Now picking a leader is where things get really interesting. The Dusk method uses something called Proof-of-Blind Bid or PoBB for short. I think Dusks Proof-of-Blind Bid is one of the ways to choose a leader. It is also very good, for keeping things private. I really like the way Dusks Proof-of-Blind Bid works.
Here is the basic idea of how PoBB works:
Each participant sends in a bid that includes a things:
A Pedersen-style commitment is, like a promise that shows how stake they are putting in. This is made up of a number, which we will call v and a blinding factor, which we will call b. These two things are combined into something called c, which is calculated using the formula c = C(v, b). The Pedersen-style commitment is important because it helps to keep the stake private. The number v and the blinding factor b are used to create the commitment c.
A Poseidon hash of a secret (just, secretHash = H(secret))The secret code itself which is connected to their address the stealth address is what we are talking about the encrypted secret itself and the stealth address.The heights at which the bid is valid and the heights, at the bid expiration timeTheir stealth address, which is a pair (R, pk)
All these bids get put into something called a Merkle tree, which is also known as the bidTree. This is where the bidTree really does its thing, with all the bids. The bidTree is pretty important because it handles all the bids.

Here’s how it works. For each round and step, if you know the opening (that’s v and b) and the secret, you can figure out your score on your own. If your score hits or beats a certain threshold—which changes every epoch, depending on λ, the expected number of leaders per slot—you’re a leader for that slot.
When that happens you say loud your score, your seed and a Plonk proof. The Plonk proof is, like a math score. It shows that you did the math correctly. You are not telling anyone your secret number v or the secret itself. You are showing that you have a Plonk proof. We can also call the Plonk proof the π_score. The π_score proves that you did the math right. You are using the Plonk proof to show that you did the math correctly with your score and your seed and the Plonk proof.
This whole process is really simple. The process does what the process has to do without anyone telling the process what to do. The process is based on stake weights. One thing, about the process is that it is very hard to guess what is going to happen with the process. Nobody gets to know the secret of the process until the end when the secret of the process is finally revealed. The process also uses something called zero-knowledge proofs to help the process.
The bidding process is private. Nobody knows what anyone else is bidding on. This is the case unless the person who is bidding the bidder actually wins the auction. Then the bidder has to prove that they won the bidding process for the auction. This means the bidder has to show that they really did win the auction. The bidding process is private. That is why nobody knows what anyone else is bidding on for the auction.
If someone has than a third of the control in the system and they try to be in charge of everything like always being the leader or stopping others they will not get what they want.
The system is made so that this person cannot win.
This is true even before people start making decisions.
The person with than a third of the control in the system will fail because the system is made to stop this kind of thing from happening.
The system is designed to prevent the person with, than a third of the control from getting what they want.
Now, about finality—how blocks get confirmed for good. After someone proposes a block, there’s a two-step Reduction phase (borrowed from TABA84 but with some key differences), then an Agreement phase that runs asynchronously.
Reduction is a way to take a lot of results and turn them into a simple decision that is either yes or no. This is called an agreement. It uses something called BLS threshold signatures to make this decision.
When you use reduction the people, in charge called provisioners are divided into groups. These groups are formed in a way using VRF sortition.
To vote you need a lot of people to agree, more, than two-thirds of the committees stake. If the committee does not get votes on time the committee will move to the next step or the committee will run out of time.
The whitepaper explains the math in terms: as long as more than two thirds of the people who have a stake in each role are honest the chance of a problem with the system like a fork is very low. This is the case when you look at a round from the moment a block is proposed to the end when it goes through two reduction steps and an agreement. The chance of a fork drops low often lower, than 2 to the power of negative 40. This depends on how big the committee's what λ is. The whitepaper is talking about the whitepaper and the math it presents the math related to the whitepaper.
That’s statistical finality. It’s stronger than theThe thing about proof-of-stake chains is that they have a finality that is based on probability. This means that proof-of-stake chains have a kind of finality. But with this probabilistic finality proof-of-stake chains are still open to everyone so they stay permissionless. This is a deal, for proof-of-stake chains because it means that anyone can use them.
Privacy-Preserving Transactions — Phoenix & Zedger
When it gets dark Dusk brings two ways of doing business to the table and these two transaction models really work well with each other the Dusk transaction models are a team.
Phoenix is built on a system that uses something called UTXO. This system uses proofs called zero-knowledge proofs to keep your transfers private.
You can move your assets between modes. Some are transparent some are hidden and some are completely secret.
The Phoenix system uses things like Schnorr proofs and commitments and nullifiers to keep your transactions private.
This means that it hides the links between your transactions it protects how money you have and it stops people from spending the same money twice.
What is really cool about Phoenix is that you can use the money you get from things, like staking rewards without having to tell everyone about it.
Most systems that use zero-knowledge proofs cannot do this.
Phoenix and its use of zero-knowledge proofs is what makes it special.
Zedger is a system. It is also known as Hedger in some new documents. The Zedger system combines two ways of doing things: the UTXO model and the account-based model. This is mostly used for security tokens.
The Zedger system uses something called a Sparse Merkle Segment Tree, which's a way to keep track of multiple balances for each segment. This includes things like the balance the transactional balance, the voting balance and the dividend balance.
Zedger makes sure that all the rules are followed, like one account per user and it has a list of approved users. It also makes sure that the people receiving something have approved it and it keeps a record of all the balances. Zedger even tracks the lifecycle of something.
The Zedger system can also handle something called Confidential Security Contracts, which are also known as XSC. This means that Zedger can handle securities that can be programmed. The Zedger system is very useful, for security tokens. It helps to keep everything private and secure.
When you put these things together you can move bonds and equities and funds around in a private way. At the time people, like regulators or auditors can still look at things when they need to check on tokenized bonds and equities and funds.
There’s more under the hood, too.
Rusk VM is a WebAssembly-based virtual machine that’s gas-metered and plays nicely with zero-knowledge proofs. Kadcast handles efficient message spreading with its structured gossip overlay. And native Genesis Contracts take care of core features like staking, rewards, slashing, DUSK transfers, and moving assets between transparent and shielded layers.
2025–2026 Milestones & Why It Matters Now
The mainnet goes live in early 2025, wrapping up almost six years of research and development. That’s a huge stretch—one of the longest, most intentional builds you’ll find for any Layer-1 project.
Here’s what’s on deck for 2025 and 2026:
DuskEVM launches, and it’s Solidity-compatible, so you can bring over Ethereum tools without the usual headaches.
Zedger rolls out completely, opening the door for institutions to issue real-world assets.
They’re teaming up with regulated venues like NPEX and 21X.
$DUSK holders get hyperstaking rewards.
They’re building MiCA-aligned infrastructure, which means on-chain trading of real, regulated securities is actually happening.
Thing is, regulators want KYC, AML, audits, and transparency. Traders and issuers? They want privacy—nobody wants their strategy or holdings out in the open. Dusk’s approach strikes a rare balance. You get compliance where it counts, but you don’t have to give up confidentiality.
If you care about real RWA infrastructure, or you’re serious about privacy-first, regulated DeFi, Dusk is worth a long, hard look.
#dusk $DUSK @Dusk_Foundation