reusablecredentials

#ReusedBitcoinAddressesHold4.33MBTC

Reused Bitcoin addresses currently hold 4.33 million $BTC
, representing roughly 21.5% of the total circulating supply. Recent on-chain data published by Glassnode highlights that this operational habit significantly increases public key exposure on the blockchain. [1, 2]

The Core Breakdown

When a user spends Bitcoin from an address, the transaction permanently reveals that address's public key to the network. Continuing to use that same address for subsequent transactions compromises privacy and leaves funds structurally visible. [1, 2]

According to the analysis, public key exposure spans two primary categories: [1, 2]

Operational Exposure (4.33M $BTC ): Driven by user and business behavior, where the same addresses are repeatedly recycled for deposits and withdrawals. [1, 2]

Structural Exposure (1.94M BTC): Exposed by the inherent design of certain scripts rather than user habits. This includes 1.71M $BTC sitting in legacy Pay-to-Public-Key (P2PK) outputs—about 1.10 million of which belong to Satoshi Nakamoto—and 222K BTC in Taproot scripts. [1, 2, 3]

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