Crypnot

Współpraca na rzecz wspólnego badania nowych biznesów opartych na blockchainie oraz weryfikacji technologii.
IBK Securities (CEO Seo Jeong-hak) i CreataChain połączyli siły, aby zidentyfikować szeroką gamę usług finansowych opartych na blockchainie, w tym aktywa cyfrowe.
IBK Securities ogłosiło 23 kwietnia, że podpisało Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) z CreataChain w swojej siedzibie w Yeouido, Seul, 22 kwietnia. W ceremonii podpisania uczestniczyli kluczowi menedżerowie z obu organizacji, w tym CEO IBK Securities Seo Jeong-hak, Wiceprezydent Wykonawczy Choi Gwang-jin, CEO CreataChain Jennifer Jin Kim oraz Dyrektor Operacyjny Jeremy Jung.

Introduction
Ethereum’s long-term scalability relies heavily on Layer 2 (L2) solutions. As network activity increases, users expect faster transactions, lower costs, and improved efficiency without compromising security or decentralization.
This is where L2 economics becomes critical—particularly the relationship between rollup fees and sequencer design.
Optimistic rollups and zero-knowledge (ZK) rollups both scale Ethereum by processing transactions off-chain while settling finality on the main network. However, focusing only on low transaction fees overlooks a more important layer of analysis: the underlying economic and structural design of these systems.
According to Crypnot analysis, the key question is no longer simply which L2 is cheapest, but rather:
Which Layer 2 model is economically sustainable, secure, and resilient over time?
What Are Layer 2 Rollups?
Layer 2 rollups are scaling frameworks that execute transactions off-chain while relying on Ethereum for final settlement and security.
The two main categories are:
Optimistic RollupsZK (Zero-Knowledge) Rollups
Both aim to:
Reduce transaction feesIncrease throughputImprove user experiencePreserve Ethereum-level security guarantees
However, their fee structures and operational models differ significantly.
How Rollup Fees Are Structured
Rollup fees are more complex than simple gas costs. They typically include three main components:
1. Execution Fees
These cover computational activity on the L2 itself, such as swaps, transfers, and smart contract interactions. These fees are usually significantly lower than Ethereum Layer 1.
2. Data Availability Costs
Even though execution occurs off-chain, transaction data must still be published to Ethereum to ensure verifiability. This introduces:
L1 calldata costsCompression efficiency considerationsOngoing settlement expenses
In many cases, this represents a major portion of total fees.
3. Sequencer Fees
Sequencers are responsible for ordering transactions and bundling them before submission to Ethereum. They often play a central role in fee collection and revenue generation within L2 ecosystems.
This introduces an important structural consideration: sequencer design and incentives.
Understanding Sequencer Risk
A sequencer is the entity responsible for transaction ordering on most rollup networks.
Today, many L2s rely on a single sequencer model.
According to Crypnot analysis, this introduces several risks:
Centralization of transaction orderingPotential censorship capabilityNetwork downtime or outagesMEV concentrationDependency on governance-controlled operators
While L2s inherit Ethereum’s security at the settlement layer, execution control remains largely centralized in many current implementations.
This creates a key distinction:
Ethereum secures settlement, but sequencers control execution.
Optimistic vs ZK Rollups: Economic Trade-Offs
Optimistic Rollups
Optimistic rollups assume transactions are valid unless challenged.
Strengths:
Lower operational complexityFaster adoption and ecosystem growthLower immediate infrastructure costs
Limitations:
Withdrawal delays due to challenge periodsFraud-proof dependencyHigher trust assumptions around sequencer behavior
ZK Rollups
ZK rollups rely on cryptographic proofs to validate transactions.
Strengths:
Strong correctness guaranteesFaster finalityReduced reliance on fraud assumptions
Limitations:
High proving costsComplex infrastructure requirementsGreater technical overhead
According to Crypnot analysis, ZK rollups offer stronger security guarantees but often come with higher operational and computational costs.
Sequencers as Economic Actors
Sequencers are not just technical components—they are key economic participants in L2 ecosystems.
Their revenue sources typically include:
Transaction feesMEV (Maximal Extractable Value)Priority ordering feesBatch optimization margins
This creates strong incentive structures, but also introduces risks.
Positive effects include improved transaction efficiency and throughput. However, negative incentives may include:
Front-running opportunitiesTransaction ordering manipulationMEV extraction from usersPotential censorship behavior
According to Crypnot analysis, these hidden dynamics mean that low fees do not always reflect true transaction cost efficiency.
MEV: The Hidden Cost Layer
Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) represents additional value extracted through transaction ordering.
Common examples include:
Front-running tradesSandwich attacks in DeFiArbitrage-based ordering advantages
Even when nominal fees are low, users may still incur indirect costs through MEV-related inefficiencies.
This means:
A low fee environment does not always equal a fair execution environment.
Why Fee Comparison Alone Is Insufficient
A common mistake in evaluating L2 networks is focusing only on headline fees.
For example:
Rollup A: $0.05 per transactionRollup B: $0.20 per transaction
While Rollup A appears cheaper, Crypnot analysis emphasizes deeper evaluation factors:
Sequencer decentralization levelMEV handling mechanismsRevenue sustainabilityGovernance transparencyCongestion behaviorLong-term scalability model
Without these factors, fee comparisons can be misleading.
Future Direction: Toward Decentralized Sequencing
The next phase of L2 development may involve decentralized or shared sequencing models.
Potential benefits include:
Reduced centralization riskImproved censorship resistanceGreater transparency in orderingMore balanced revenue distribution
However, this approach also introduces challenges:
Increased system complexityCoordination overheadHigher infrastructure costs
Balancing decentralization with performance remains one of the key design challenges for L2 ecosystems.
Market Outlook
According to Crypnot analysis, several trends are shaping the future of L2 economics:
Continued Ethereum upgrades improving data efficiencyGrowth of shared sequencer modelsIncreased transparency in fee structuresRising institutional interest in L2 infrastructureGradual movement toward decentralized execution layers
These trends indicate that L2 networks are evolving from scaling solutions into foundational financial infrastructure.
Conclusion
Layer 2 scaling is no longer just about reducing transaction costs. It is about building sustainable, secure, and economically aligned systems.
According to Crypnot analysis, the long-term success of L2 networks will depend on:
Secure and decentralized sequencingTransparent and sustainable fee modelsRobust MEV managementStrong settlement guarantees on EthereumScalable governance frameworks
Ultimately, the most successful Layer 2 networks will not be those offering the lowest fees—but those designed with the strongest economic and structural integrity.

Dźwignia nadal odgrywa kluczową rolę w ruchach rynku kryptowalut w krótkim okresie, szczególnie w przypadku głównych aktywów, takich jak Bitcoin i Ethereum. Chociaż ruch cen odzwierciedla wyniki, dane dotyczące instrumentów pochodnych często ujawniają pozycjonowanie, które napędza te ruchy.
Według analizy Crypnot, zrozumienie analizy stawek finansowania bitcoinów w połączeniu z trendami bazowymi zapewnia jaśniejszą ramę do interpretacji sentymentu rynkowego i przewidywania zmienności.
Zrozumienie stawek finansowania
Stawki finansowania są mechanizmem wykorzystywanym na rynkach wieczystych kontraktów terminowych, aby utrzymać ceny kontraktów w zgodzie z rynkiem spot. Stawki te reprezentują okresowe płatności między traderami i są określane przez nierównowagę między pozycjami długimi a krótkimi.

Wejście na rynek kryptowalut wymaga więcej niż tylko kupowania aktywów—polega na wyborze odpowiedniego systemu do zarządzania i zabezpieczania ich.
Według analizy Crypnot, jedną z najważniejszych decyzji dla każdego uczestnika jest zrozumienie równowagi między wygodą a kontrolą.
To tutaj zestawienie wymiany i samodzielnego przechowywania staje się istotne.
Zrozumienie Crypto Onramp
Crypto onramp to punkt wejścia, w którym użytkownicy przekształcają fiat w aktywa cyfrowe, takie jak Bitcoin lub Ethereum.
Większość użytkowników zaczyna od: