Mr-Bright

@Plasma Many people might think this is just an ordinary cross-chain collaboration
But I stared at that sentence "CEX-equivalent pricing (CEX equivalent pricing)" for a long time.
This reminds me of the dilemma I face every time I sell large amounts of spot at CEX:
Although I fear card freezing and needle insertion, I have to endure it for that depth.
On-chain is safe, but that slippage really hurts.
This has been a deadlock between DEX and CEX for a long time.
But the logic integrated by Plasma this time is actually about 'dimensionality reduction strikes'
It introduced the model of "Intent-centric".
This is somewhat like Uber on the chain.
In the past, when you traded (DeFi), you were driving yourself (finding routes, paying Gas, worrying about traffic).
Now, when you trade (Intents), you are sending a request saying 'I want to go to the airport,' and then all the drivers (Solvers) across the network bid to pick you up. The system chooses whoever is fastest and cheapest.

This means that Plasma, a chain 'born for stablecoins,' now suddenly has the capability to handle 125+ types of assets and large settlements.
It is no longer a parking lot that can only hold USDT; it has transformed into a 'multi-chain liquidity dispatch center.'

This is a form of 'flanking attack' on CEX.
It does not compete for the small orders of retail investors; it targets the large settlements of institutions and enterprises.
Think about ConfirmoPay's monthly turnover of 80 million USD; if combined with this intent engine, it could achieve the same trading depth on-chain as Binance, but without the risks of centralization.
The ambition of this 'execution layer' is far greater than simply being an L1.
If the intention to trade in 2026 really becomes mainstream, Plasma will not just be the home for stablecoins; it will be the necessary path for all on-chain funds seeking the 'optimal execution path.'
$XPL #Plasma

Initially, I believed Vanar to be another blockchain. Yet the more I knew the more I saw that it has higher aims. Vanar is an Ai-based Layer-1 protocol that is an Ethereum-based network. It is the same yet tokenized asset, or real-life earnings that are supported by ultra-fast payments, and it is even eco-friendly and affordable.

The team sells Vanar as a PayFi, entertainment and tokenized asset blockchain. The only objective it has is to be the backbone of next-generation digital economies. This paper will describe Vanar architecture, distinctive characteristics, token design, and latest market events using simple words and my own opinions.

What Is Vanar?

Vanar is an Layer-1 blockchain which is based on Ethereum but incorporates significant modifications. The developers utilize a Go-Ethereum implementation and use their own consensus system. Vanar combines Proof-of-Authority and Proof-of- Reputation instead of pure proof -of-stake.

In the initial stage, the #vanar Foundation operates validator nodes on Proof -of-Authority. Subsequently, the network will welcome the community validators. Their validation capacity is based on a reputation score, which is a combination of staking, previous behavior as well as community trust. The straightforward premise: trustworthy actors gain reputation over the years, and they have earned the right to gain the network. This hybrid model is a compromise of speed, security and fairness.

Other tweaks of Ethereum include the ones made by Vanar to suit its applications. Orders are first-in-first- out rather than gas-bidding. One of the fixed-fee models maintains costs at approximately a US cent. Blocks are generated after every three seconds and have a high gas limit to allow quick payments, gaming and real-time applications. Since it is still EVM compatible, developers do not need to make significant adjustments in order to deploy existing Ethereum smart contracts.

Why Vanar Matters

What enticed me to Vanar is the fact that it was designed holistically. The group did not consider solely one measure; they created the network with the following pillars:

High speed: 3 seconds block times are appropriate to gaming and payments.

Low cost: The fixed fees avoid bidding wars and make micro -transactions a reality.

Scalable app ecosystem: Wallet support, bridges, NFTs, DeFi, and marketplaces form an entire developer environment.

Green design: The network uses carbon-neutral design and compensates the emissions.

Fair consensus: The transition of PoA-to-PoR promotes decentralization in the long term.

AI integration: Vanar is not a payment chain, but rather an AI-native platform.

Such a combination of speed, low cost, scalability, and AI capabilities distinguishes Vanar among the majority of Layer-1 networks I studied.

Tokenomics and Supply

The native token is VANRY. It drives gas fees, staking and rewards on validators. It is also wrapped on Ethereum and Polygon, making inter-chain transfer easier.

Vanar limits its provision to 2.4billion $VANRY . Fifty percent of the supply went into circulation as a one-to-one migration of the holders of the previous token at launch. The remainder is paid out over a period in twenty years and is divided as follows:

1. Validator awards (83%)- network securitizing.

2. Development rewards (13%)- long-term development financing.

3. Community airdrops (4%)- rewarding early adopters.

There are no team tokens present in this allocation and the incentive to grow the network at the expense of short-term mining. Block rewards decrease smoothly in order to stabilize the inflation.

The revision of the supply design represents a long-term attitude: the majority of tokens goes to validators and the community, and development gets the sufficient amount to keep the process going.
Artificial Intelligence, Gaming, Decentralized Finance, and Real World Assets.
Payments are not the only ambitions of Vanar. It has one of the most interesting projects, which is called myNeutron, a personal AI companion that communicates with on-chain applications. Users are able to build AI agents to handle assets, help in games and navigate the digital worlds. The early access will be released in late 2025, and then expanded. The AI-native story of myNeutron is confirmed by real interaction of users with the product.
Gaming is another core focus. Vanar is a product of Virtua ecosystem, which is why it focuses on the digital collectibles, virtual land, and real-time experiences. The original Virtua token was transferred to VANRY when the new chain was developed. EVM compatibility allows the games that are already operating on Ethereum to be moved with minimum friction.
On the DeFi side, Vanar will assist the bridges, decentralized exchanges, lending, and PayFi-type applications. The fixed low charges render frequent payments and streamlining payments feasible. Fractional ownership of property or commodities is also noted by the team as one of the long-term applications of tokens.

The attention of investors has not increased drastically. Financing actions and collaboration increased with Vanar shifting between idea and actualization. Regular interests spikes are based on the physical developments where products are released, integrations, and ecosystem grows rather than the hype cycles.

Self-Reflections and Prognosis.

Since I did some research about Vanar, I like how real the project seems. The hybrid consensus model provides an expedient channel of decentralisation. Constant low charges cover a long-term blockchain problem. Sustainability is seen as infrastructure as opposed to marketing buzzword. Above all, the AI implementation is inherent in the system as opposed to being added later.

Challenges remain. Reputation-based validation should demonstrate the ability to counter centralisation. The Layer-1s are very competitive. The outside of the ecosystem adoption will be determined by the ease with which Vanar can be used by non-technical users.

With that said, Vanar is a sustainable project and not a hype machine. Provided that its AI layer, gaming orientation and real world asset ambitions keep developing, it may become a silent but vital component of the digital infrastructure of the future. I will be observing keenly the growth of the ecosystem.
@Vanar

The architecture of Dusk is not based on an existing chain; it is designed to handle regulated finance. Succinct Attestation (SA) is the basic consensus algorithm. It ensures finality of transactions within seconds, satisfying the need of financial markets (high-throughput, low-latency).  SA is a proof-of-stake system in which block producers and the validators are attesting the block with zero-knowledge proofs.  In order to share information fast, #dusk employs Kadcast, a peer-to-peer protocol that is based on Kademlia distributed hash table. Kadcast organizes the network into hierarchical trees and sends messages to peers in successively further distances to consume less bandwidth and propagate messages rapidly and reliably.

The network is sustaining two models of transaction that are complementary:

1- Moonlight - an account-based transparent model like Ethereum.  It is applied in operations requiring or acceptable full visibility.

2- Phoenix - UTXO-based model, which allows transparent and obfuscated transfers. Transaction amounts and participants can be hidden in the city of Phoenix yet the compliance can be verified by authorized auditors.

This mix model allows Dusk to operate two types of activities on the same chain: privacy-sensitive and public. Zedger, a smart-contract framework of confidential securities and corporate actions, is run on top of these models.  Zedger focuses on token offering security and conventional financial instruments, which offer on-chain settlement and corporate governance solutions, as well as maintain confidentiality

The conceptual visualization of the layers of importance of Dusk is below. The bottom steps are base privacy and consensus, whereas the top steps are compliance and market adoption:

Dusk's token and incentives
The network relies on an in-house asset, $DUSK , to create economic incentives alignment. Stakeholders of DUSK participate in the SA consensus and, therefore, have the right to generate blocks and receive fees. DUSK is also implemented to charge transaction fees and to compensate validators and provisioners that ensure the security of the network. In my opinion, this design is reflective of other proof-of-stake systems, except that there is a regulatory twist: to be eligible to produce blocks, participants are subject to compliance rules. This design will promote good behaviour and prevent the malicious actors because a misbehaving node might lose its stake.
Market acceptance and regulatory congruence.
Dusk has been keen to target controlled markets. Capabilities to issue and redeem security instruments, corporate governance functions such as dividend distributions and share issues, and provide auctions to issue private assets are attractive to issuers, banks and exchanges. In contrast to privacy oriented currencies like Monero, Dusk is realistic; it provides partial transparency to allow regulators to perform audits whilst keeping sensitive information concealed. This practice is not in isolation in Europe since regulators are coming up with more explicit laws in digital assets. I feel that compliance features will be a major unlock to institutional adoption.
The SA consensus and the Kadcast network are performance oriented networks. Fast finality decreases the settlement risk, and the multicast architecture of Kadcast can decrease network congestion. Together they form a blockchain environment capable of competing with the available financial infrastructures in speed and reliability.
The chart below illustrates my vision of the trade-off between transparency and privacy; on one side, completely open ledgers such as Ethereum; on the other, completely private systems such as Monero. The balance is the goal of Dusk, as the equilibrium curve depicts.

Challenges and risks

No project is without risks. Dusk uses elaborate cryptography and the security of zero-knowledge proofs should be ensured by subjecting them to intensive scrutiny.  The success of the network is pegged on the acceptance by financial institutions; the acceptance will ensure that the gain of privacy with compliance is real. In addition, regulatory environments may alter.  As Dusk is now in compliance with European standards, new legislations or other standards in other jurisdictions may pose challenges. Recent analysis observed that investors need to take into account the execution risk, competitive stress of established blockchains and uncertainty of regulatory schedules.

Conclusion

In my opinion, Dusk is an intelligent project to balance the transparency of blockchain and the privacy expectations of conventional finance. Its Succinct Attestation consensus, two-way transaction and zero knowledge compliance provide a platform on which issuers can tokenize shares, settle trades immediately and keep them private.  The fact that Dusk focuses on alignment of the regulations also makes it unlike privacy coins that tend to neglect the compliance.  Alongside technical and market risks, the emphasis of the project to address the real problems with the help of the advanced cryptography makes it one of the most intriguing blockchain projects in the field of institutional finance. It is yet to be determined whether Dusk will form the foundation of securities markets of the future, but it does show the possibility of privacy and regulation existing in decentralized systems.
@Dusk_Foundation

I have been following the development of web-native infrastructure, and one of the biggest discontinuities that I continued to notice is that blockchains are not designed to store the massive files that modern applications require: game art, AI models, high-resolution NFTs. The latter created the necessity of returning to the old cloud services and undermined the decentralization that we intended to achieve. The disappointment with this inadequacy resulted in my visit to Walrus, which does not consider data availability as a second-order concern.

Walrus is a decentralized system of data networks used concurrently with the Sui blockchain. It converts storage capacity and data stored within storage capacity to on-chain objects. Those can be programmed and can be governed by the same economic logic as other crypto primitives. I will discuss in plain language how Walrus addresses the data problem in the architectural, economic and developer-experience perspectives in this article. I will also discuss its technical innovations like Red Stuff and Seal, outline the token economics, compare it to other networks of decentralized storage and my thoughts on why it is significant.

Using Data as Infrastructure.

Fundamentally, Walrus acknowledges that blockchains are incapable of efficiently storing large and unstructured data. The customary off-chain, decentralized storage is either expensive to replicate in its entirety or depends on off-chain pinning, a concept that brings about trusted intermediaries. Walrus transforms it by storing programs programmably: blobs and quotas are stored as Sui objects. The MoveVM as Smart contracts can be used to auto-renew, provide access control and connect storage operations to larger application logic. Since the said objects reside on the chain, their condition and economics remain transparent and auditable.

Economics are key. Users pay to use the storage in advance and do not rent it as long as they know, but rather a specific storage duration on a silent network. The charges are then redirected in the long run to nodes that demonstrate that they hold the data at their disposal. WAL tokens are staked by storage providers and rewards are based on the performance of the nodes. Articles that do not store information or fabricate counterfeit evidence are slashed or penalized. This is a prepaid model that is proof-of-storage to avoid volatility in prices and store corruption in silence. Walrus makes storage available as reliable infrastructure and not a best effort service by treating storage as on-chain objects with economic guarantees.

Red Stuff: Erasure Coding of Physical Networks.
Red Stuff is a two dimensional erasure code scheme that would be considered among the best projects in the engineering works of Walrus. Other systems will either copy whole files, wasting bandwidth or simple erasure codes that will require the download of the entire blob in order to restore lost information. Red Stuff transforms every file into a set of primary and secondary slivers through a large number of nodes. When a sliver is lost only the missing portion has to be re-fetched; recovery bandwidth is identical to the lost data and not the entire file. This has a drastic effect on repair expenses, and lets the network run with approximately 4.5 replicas per file instead of 6 or more without affect on durability.
Red Stuff is asynchronically constructed. Latency varies and nodes are destroyed and created in a real world environment. Most of the erasure schemes rely on synchronous messages, and hence they can be subject to a timing attack. The proofs of Red Stuff can even operate with out of order messages, and allow enemies to claim that they are storing information. Walrus also spins storage committees in place to support node churn so that the data is always accessible even when the transition occurs. Such innovations introduce the decentralized setting of cloud resilience and efficiency.
Simple Storage and Retrieval Programmably.
What is the programmability of data? On Walrus, a blob is not just a URL. It is an object that has a life cycle. Smart contracts have the capability to automatically renew storage, ensure access to data can only be accessed or modified by a particular person, and whatever actions are performed can be paid with a token payment or ruled by a governance rule. As an illustration, an NFT can refer to a storage object with its renewal being charged using the royalties of the NFT, where the artwork will never be lost. A dApp may demand that there was evidence that a model dataset has been stored properly and then release funds to a compute provider.
This puts storage logic into the same composable environment as DeFi and governance, but it is brittle and off-chain. All objects are on-chain; hence, it is atomic, upgradable and auditable. This will be a massive simplification to developers who have had a hard time pinning services or with the unreliable IPFS links.
Seal: Programmable Secrets Management.
Secure storage of data is not the only challenge; several of the use cases require the control of who views or modifies data. In mid-2025, Walrus released Seal, a decentralized secrets-management service which employed threshold encryption. Seal allows its developers to encrypt data or secrets then to establish fine-grained decryption criteria. In smart-contracts, a storage provider never encounters plaintext and decryption only occurs based on the conditions embedded in the smart-contracts. This introduces new types of dApps:
* Data vaults owned by the users: It will allow users to save sensitive data and only provide access to a doctor or notary, upon meeting conditions. These conditions are imposed in the network without a central administrator.
* Token-gated media: Musicians or filmmakers will be allowed to sell access to their work. Walrus encrypts the content and can be decrypted by the holders of a specific NFT only. Storage is decentralized which means creators do not require a web server.
* AI model provisioning AI companies can safely output weights or APIs. A customer who has paid is provided with a decryption key that it can access within a specific time, and all the terms are placed on-chain.
Besides Seal demonstrates, Walrus is not only a storage layer but it is about managing data flows in a decentralized economy. Together with the efficiency of Red Stuff and programmable storage model, Seal makes Walrus a complete stack data platform.

The use of Token Economics and Incentives.
Walrus uses its own token, WAL. The token allows the users to pre-pay storage costs, stake on providers, and vote in governance. Its economic model is clearly defined: a user deposits funds depending on the selected duration of storage and the funds are released in small amounts to nodes with the condition of verification of availability. In case of misbehavior, a node can have its stake slashed and the prepaid storage of the user will be transferred to a healthier node. This match between users and providers is necessary to the long term sustainability.
The approach in the token allocation equalizes neighborhood incentives and the development of the core. In line with what Walrus has done on its token utility page, 43 percent of the supply will be allocated to community, 10 percent will be allocated to airdrops to early adopters, and 10 percent to network incentives and subsidies. The core contributors will have 30 per cent with early founders and Mysten Labs (15 per cent each). Another 7 % goes to investors. This design finances continued research, reward builders and makes adoption more likely without creating concentration of power in one group.
Ecosystem and Adoption
Walrus is not just a research project, it actually drives applications. The social platforms of SuiSign, a decentralized social platform, are then stored in Walrus (user profiles and user signatures), and the character art and metadata is stored in game studios like Pudgy Penguins. Flock.io is an AI platform based on Walrus using the programmable storage and Seal to provide machine-learning models with security. Decentralized music streaming and privacy-preserving voting are just some examples of dozens of projects starting with the network hackathons and grant programs. The core storage layer is composable, therefore each new project adds to a data availability commons.
Comparison of Walrus with Other Storage networks.
In an attempt to get a clear understanding of where Walrus would fit, I related it to two popular decentralized storage systems: Filecoin and IPFS. Each solution will be rated (out of 10) based on its availability, cost efficiency, programmability, and secrets management as shown in the chart below. These scores indicate trends in the industry and my exposure to the protocols.
The highest score for Walrus is in the programmability and secrets management since it views storage as on-chain objects and it also provides encryption using Seal. Filecoin is well available and cost effective in nature yet does not have a complete programmability layer. IPFS is cost-effective to address simple content but uses external pinning services to be persistent and lacks in-built encryption and a programmable renewal.
Image of Distribution of Tokens.

The representation of the distribution among the stakeholders highlights Walrus priorities on community adoption, but core development funding.
Most of the tokens will be allocated to community projects, and large denominations will be given to the initial donors and Mysten Labs to guarantee the further development of the protocol. The share of investors is a relatively small portion and network incentives are designated to user subsidies and storage rewards.
Reflections and Future Outlook.
In my own opinion, Walrus is a mature web-scale decentralization. It removes the economic and technical failures of previous systems by making storage a primitive on-chain and aligning incentives through prepaid charges and slashing, as well as inventing novel techniques in erasure coding. Its programmability and Seal integration allow applications, including AI, to music streaming, which was not achievable with the traditional storage networks.
#walrus is not without risks. The economic model presupposes the increase in demand; in case the storage demand is not increasing, the incentives of nodes might be weakened. The fact that it depends on the Sui chain implies that disruptions in the base-layer will be transferred to storage assurances. However, the open architecture, vibrant community, and significant research pipeline (with current effort in Quilt to support data analytics and cross-chain bridging) puts me at ease that it will remain the leader in the field of decentralized infrastructure.
I do not think this age of viewing data as an externality has been eliminated. Walrus demonstrates that storage may be as programmable, as secure, and cost-efficient as token transfers. It provides a strong alternative to developers and users who desire a censorship-resistant and durable storage with in-built privacy settings. The solutions such as Walrus might be the invisible hand beneath the water to ensure that the decentralized applications are actually self-sufficient, as the Web3 ecosystem matures.
$WAL @WalrusProtocol

Kopš tā dibināšanas 2018. gadā, #dusk ir pārgājis no "privātuma monētas" uz pamata Layer 1 (L1) blokķēdi nākamajai globālās finanses paaudzei. 2026. gada janvārī projekts ir pārgājis no intensīvās attīstības fāzes—beidzoties ar 2026. gada 7. janvāra galvenā tīkla palaišanu—uz agresīvas tirgus paplašināšanās periodu.

Šis raksts pēta pašreizējo tirgus stāvokli $DUSK , tā izaugsmes katalizatorus un tā unikālo vērtības piedāvājumu institucionālajā finanšu infrastruktūrā.

#Plasma ir nākamās paaudzes Layer-1 blokķēde, kas izstrādāta īpaši stabilo monētu darījumiem. Atšķirībā no vispārējās izmantošanas viedajiem līgumiem, Plasma pamatuzdevums ir kalpot kā norēķinu slānis stabilajām monētām — galvenokārt Tether USD₮ — apvienojot pilnu EVM saderību (caur Reth), sub-sekundi galīgumu (caur PlasmaBFT) un stabilo monētu centriskus jauninājumus, piemēram, bezgāzes USD₮ pārvedumus un stabilo monētu pirmajās maksu mehānismu.
🌐 Kas padara Plasma unikālu? Tehnisks un stratēģisks pārskats

#vanar Chain ir AI-dabīgs L1 blokķēde, kas īpaši izstrādāta izklaides, spēļu un zīmolu nozarēm. Atšķirībā no vispārējām blokķēdēm, kas prioritizē teorētisku caurlaidspēju, Vanar uzsver zemas izmaksas, augstu ātrumu un videi draudzīgu infrastruktūru.

Tā vērtības piedāvājuma atslēga ir Vanar Stack, kas integrē mākslīgo intelektu tieši protokola līmenī. Tas ietver:

Neitronu: Semantiskā atmiņas slānis datu saspiešanai.
Kayon: AI racionālas domāšanas dzinējs, lai atvieglotu "inteliģentas" on-chain transakcijas.

@Walrus 🦭/acc Protokols ir decentralizēta datu glabāšanas un pieejamības platforma, kas izveidota uz Sui blockchain. Atšķirībā no tradicionālajām decentralizētā glabāšanas projektiem, kas koncentrējas uz pastāvīgu arhivēšanas glabāšanu, Walrus uzsver lielu blob glabāšanu (piemēram, video, attēli, datu kopas) ar programmējamu viedā līguma integrāciju, reāllaika piekļuvi un izmaksu efektīvu sniegumu.

WAL tokens ir vietējā valūta, kas nodrošina:
Maksājumi par glabāšanu un datu operācijām

Staking, lai nodrošinātu glabāšanas mezglus

Pārvaldības ietekme
Likviditātes nodrošināšana DEX un CEX

1. Kas ir Dusk tīkls?
Izveidots ar misiju izlīdzināt blokķēdes privātumu un regulatīvo atbilstību, Dusk tīkls ir Layer-1 blokķēde, kas paredzēta institucionālajai finansēm, atbilstošai DeFi un tokenizētiem reālās pasaules aktīviem (RWA). Atšķirībā no publiskajām blokķēdēm, kas izplata visas darījumu detaļas, #dusk izmanto nulles zināšanu kriptogrāfiju (piemēram, PLONK pierādījumus un zk-SNARKs), lai nodrošinātu privātumu saglabājošas viedās līgumus, kas joprojām ļauj regulētai uzraudzībai, kad tas ir nepieciešams — kritiska dizaina izvēle tradicionālajām finanšu iestādēm, kas meklē blokķēdes priekšrocības, neapdraudot datu konfidencialitāti vai juridisko atbilstību.

#Plasma ir speciāli izstrādāta Layer 1 blokķēde, kas paredzēta stabilo monētu norēķiniem un globālajiem maksājumiem, atšķirot sevi no vispārējas lietošanas ķēdēm, piemēram, Ethereum vai Solana. Tā ir izstrādāta, lai nodrošinātu augstu caurlaidspēju, sub-sekundu galīgumu un ultra-zemas vai nulles gāzes izmaksas USD₮ (USDT) pārskaitījumiem, risinot galvenās problēmas, kas saistītas ar on-chain stabilo monētu izmantošanu, piemēram, augstas maksas, lēni norēķini un fragmentēta likviditāte.
Kodola tehniskās iezīmes
PlasmaBFT konsensuss — augstas veiktspējas Bizantijas kļūdu tolerances sistēma, kas izstrādāta sub-sekundu galīgumam un caurlaidspējai, kas piemērota maksājumu mērogam.