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Luke Dashjr’s Bitcoin hard fork went live on September 1, and it arrived almost empty. The new BLAKE2b chain drew little hashrate, while Blockstream CEO Adam Back reduced the whole episode to one line.
Dashjr broke away from Bitcoin (BTC) by swapping its mining algorithm, a change meant to let ordinary computers mine again. Miners and exchanges largely ignored him.
Why the Bitcoin Hard Fork Collapsed Within Hours
BIP-110 is Dashjr’s proposal to strip non-financial data out of Bitcoin blocks. His camp calls the main network “Spamcoin.” Meanwhile, most of the community treated the September 1 chain split as a non-event.
The pattern repeats. An earlier BIP-110 chain died after two blocks in August. Mining pool OCEAN then faced calls to replace its leadership after routing customer hashrate to that chain without clear consent.
The algorithm swap also cut Dashjr off from the industry’s hardware base. BLAKE2b replaces SHA-256, so the specialized rigs that secure Bitcoin cannot touch the new chain. Computing power on the fork fell right after launch.
Adam Back Delivers the Punchline
Back needed seven words to sum up the result.
Live by the fork, die by the fork.
Adam Back, CEO of Blockstream, posted on X.
Dashjr, however, still frames the minority chain as the genuine article. On X he claims the BTC ticker has belonged to Bitcoin for over a decade, and that Bitcoin has now moved to BLAKE2b. Chain data contradicts him.
Bitcoin just changed to BLAKE2b.The only recent fork is Spamcoin, which this isn't talking about.
— Luke Dashjr (@LukeDashjr) September 1, 2026
Bitcoin Knots, the node software Dashjr maintains, pushed similar arguments in August. David Schwartz, Ripple’s former chief technology officer, called them nonsense at the time.
Traders barely reacted. The original network produced blocks without interruption. BTC changed hands near $76,942, down roughly 1.33% in 24 hours.
No major exchange has listed the coin. One small beta platform opened deposits under the ticker BTCB2, since no official symbol exists yet.
BTCB2 bids there topped out at $82, roughly 900 times below BTC, while the lowest ask sat at $190. That 131.7% spread signals almost no real trading.
A chain without miners, listings, or bids still needs buyers who value its blocks.

Stock perpetual futures on centralized crypto exchanges traded $665.42 billion in August, according to WuBlockchain Data Center. 3 underlying names produced more than half of that activity.
The total rose 4.6% from $636.19 billion in July. Still, the figure is 56.5 times higher than January’s $11.58 billion.
Chip Stocks Still Control the Equity Perp Market
SanDisk (SNDK) led all underlying assets in August volume, with $193.58 billion. SK Hynix (SKHYNIX) followed at $75.89 billion, and the SpaceX-tracking SPCX contract added $65.93 billion.
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Monthly Stock Perp Futures Volume. Source: WuBlockchain Data Center
Together, the three represented 50.4% of the market. That concentration echoes what CryptoQuant documented in July, when memory and semiconductor names dominated exchange flows.
Notably, SNDK perpetual volume equaled 62.4% of the stock’s US spot turnover on August 19, the highest reading on record in WuBlockchain’s tokenized equities data. The ratio eased to 38.0% by August 26.
No other equity-linked perpetual comes close. Circle (CRCL) ranked second at 47.2%, while Nvidia (NVDA) and Meta both sit below 3%.
Exchanges Widen Their Stock Derivatives Lineup
Meanwhile, Binance reported roughly $433.4 billion in traditional finance (TradFi) perpetual volume for August, about 15 times January’s $29.5 billion. Equity-linked contracts generated $342.9 billion of that figure, or close to 79%.
The exchange is now adding options on more than 1,000 US stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for eligible users outside the United States.
Rivals are moving in parallel. Bybit plans to start 24/7 options trading on September 17, using SpaceX and Nvidia perpetuals as the underlyings.
Whether the market broadens beyond memory chips will determine if September repeats August’s narrow structure.
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Goldman Sachs has added three stocks to its European “Conviction List – Directors’ Cut” list. The list tracks the bank’s buy-rated European equities.
The inclusions are the payment processing company Adyen, the German energy firm RWE, and the German insurer Talanx. All three arrive with different setups.
Adyen Draws the Biggest Upside Call
The bank sees 77% upside for Adyen, the largest call among the three additions. Adyen closed at €1,006.80 on September 1, down 3.88% for the session.
The Dutch payment processor sits roughly 37% under its 52-week high of €1,600.80. It also remains down nearly 28% in 2026.
Adyen Stock Performance. Source: Google Finance
Analyst Mohammed Moawalla credits Adyen’s integrated platform for its edge. He points to new client ramps, including the Toast partnership in the US and Shopify’s European expansion.
Goldman also expects Adyen to benefit from agentic commerce. The bank flagged tie-ups with OpenAI, Google, and Microsoft.
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RWE and Talanx Round Out the Additions
Next, RWE closed at €58.58 on September 1 and has gained roughly 30% so far this year. Goldman set a €75 target, implying 28% upside.
Analyst Alberto Gandolfi expects the grid spending and possible data center deals to lift the valuation. He also flagged stronger US renewable returns and potential LNG profits.
Lastly, Talanx carries a €141 target, representing 13% upside. The stock traded near €125, close to a 2026 high. It has gained 12% yeat-to-date.
Analyst Andrew Baker described its Retail International arm, which sells policies outside Germany, as an “underappreciated growth engine” and projected that premiums there would rise 8% to 10% annually through 2030.
Goldman dropped Hannover Re, along with Enel, Wise, and Zalando from the list. Two of Goldman’s three September calls lean on AI.
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OpenAI has confirmed that its upcoming model Astra meets the Critical cybersecurity threshold under its Preparedness Framework. The company plans to release it with safeguards and restricted access to advanced cyber capabilities.
Astra is the first model OpenAI has placed at that tier. The designation means the model can identify unknown flaws in hardened systems and craft working exploits without step-by-step human guidance.
What the Critical Rating Covers
The Preparedness Framework sets two conditions for the Critical threshold. A model qualifies if it can identify and develop functional zero-day exploits across many hardened real-world systems without human intervention.
It also qualifies if it can plan and execute novel end-to-end attacks against hardened targets based solely on a high-level goal.
Astra scored 100% on ExploitBench, according to the company’s assessment. On an internal set of 20 high-severity V8 vulnerabilities, it reached higher code-execution rates than GPT-5.6 Sol while using far fewer tokens.
During that run, Astra found and used two previously unknown vulnerabilities. OpenAI said it is disclosing both to the affected maintainers.
Expert testers also watched the model build a browser compromise chain. It escaped the sandbox and executed commands on the host machine.
“Astra represents a significant increase in cybersecurity capabilities compared to GPT‑5.6 Sol: it is both significantly more token efficient and more capable at vulnerability identification and exploit development,” OpenAI said.
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Over the summer, we have been sprinting on safety priorities; it's more important than ever for capabilities and safeguards to advance together. We have more to do but have made a lot of progress. We are also going to be launching our next model soon.There is an obvious tension…
— Sam Altman (@sama) September 1, 2026
OpenAI Layers Guardrails Before Release
The company paused parts of Astra’s development while it strengthened protections. It restarted a large frontier reinforcement learning run on August 28 once new safety and security requirements took effect.
OpenAI said that Astra rejects 91.5% of requests in its cyber jailbreak evaluations. GPT-5.6 Sol refused 59% on the same set. Accounts assessed as higher risk face a stricter refusal boundary.
OpenAI also deployed chain-of-thought monitoring to detect and halt potentially misaligned actions. In honeypot tests, GPT-5.6 Sol, without production safeguards, attempted to compromise surrounding infrastructure in 56% of samples. Astra made no such attempts.
The firm plans to make Astra available soon. Access to its most advanced cybersecurity capabilities will be more limited, going first to a group of testers, then expanding through Daybreak Blue to support defensive use.
The company conceded that the safeguards will create friction at launch.
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OKX is cracking down on gambling-linked crypto deposits, founder and CEO Star Xu said. Deposits from high-risk addresses can now trigger anti-money laundering (AML) reviews lasting 15 days or longer.
During that window, account functions and funds may be restricted. OKX will cut off users entirely if their activity is confirmed illicit, Xu added.
AML Review Targets Gambling-Linked Channels
Xu made the comment on X earlier Wednesday. He was responding to a user question about how OKX handles betting platforms that send funds directly into exchange wallets.
欧易遇到这种情况怎么办呢，买球平台直接提到交易所的钱包。 pic.twitter.com/npBFyTF00i
— ry (@ryqor8) September 2, 2026
Xu flagged transactions tied to “guaranteed” escrow services run through Telegram groups, along with a network he called Huiwang. Huiwang is the pinyin name for Huione Guarantee. The Telegram marketplace processed more than $27 billion in transactions before regulators moved against it in 2025.
Successor platforms, including Tudou Guarantee, have since absorbed much of that volume, according to reports on Chinese-language laundering networks.
“Funds obtained through channels including but not limited to guaranteed transactions in TG groups, Huiwang and its variants, etc., may carry higher source-of-funds risks.”
– Star Xu,
OKX flagged wallets tied to the Huione Guarantee marketplace for compliance checks last year, after US authorities moved against it.
It said at the time it could freeze funds or deactivate accounts confirmed to be linked to the network. The US Treasury’s FinCEN cut the network off from the US financial system in October 2025.
Part of a Wider Compliance Push
The crackdown follows a CertiK finding that AML enforcement now outranks securities cases as crypto’s top regulatory risk. OKX itself paid more than $500 million in AML-related penalties in the United States last year.
Xu has also acknowledged that a small share of legitimate users get flagged by the platform’s fraud checks. OKX faced public backlash in July 2025 after users reported accounts frozen over false fraud flags.
从高风险地址向 OKX 充值，可能触发更严格的反洗钱和风险审查。根据具体情况，审查可能持续 15 天甚至更久，账户部分功能以及资金也可能受到限制；对于确认涉及高风险或非法活动的账户，我们可能终止服务。包括但不限于通过TG… https://t.co/x73WJAYTj7
— Star_OKX (@star_okx) September 2, 2026
Whether the new 15-day review window curbs illicit inflows without snagging more legitimate depositors will soon become clear.

Bitcoin (BTC) has given some of its gains from the sharp August rally, and the retreat is now tracing a familiar outline on the chart.
Analysts have flagged a Bart Simpson pattern forming on BTC. The formation has drawn concern that the decline still has room to extend.
The Bart Simpson Pattern Is Forming on Bitcoin, Here’s What It Means
Bitcoin gained 25% in August and pushed through $80,000 late in the month. The asset traded near $77,281 on Wednesday, down 1.42% over 24 hours.
Bitcoin (BTC) Price Performance. Source: BeInCrypto Markets
Several analysts flagged the shape on the 4-hour chart. The pattern takes its name from the cartoon character because it resembles his hair.
Price moves sharply in one direction, trades sideways in a narrow range, then snaps back toward the earlier level.
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pic.twitter.com/aFXhmo6HbU
— Benjamin Cowen (@benjamincowen) September 1, 2026
The setup becomes particularly important if Bitcoin loses the $75,800 level, which another analyst identified as a key threshold. A break below it could confirm the bearish pattern.
On the other hand, holding above $75,800 could invalidate the bearish setup and give buyers room to regain momentum. In that case, Bitcoin could turn higher and retest the May high near $83,000.
Still, the Bart Simpson pattern should not be treated as a definitive bearish signal. The formation can emerge during normal consolidation after a sharp price move and does not necessarily lead to another leg lower.
Spot Demand Contracts as Long-Term Holders Sell
The flow data carries more weight than the pattern. Analyst CW8900 said spot demand has turned negative during the sideways move.
Negative readings appeared on two consecutive days. In contrast, futures demand stayed solid across the same stretch.
“Without the support of spot demand, there is no bullish rally,” the analyst said.
Meanwhile, analyst Axel Adler Jr reported that long-term holder distribution rose 61.5% between August 18 and August 28. The 30-day sum climbed from 174,500 BTC to 281,900 BTC.
That marked the highest reading since the start of 2026. Adler said the rebound after the short squeeze opened a window for profit-taking.
He added that inflation and labor figures due over the next few days will shape the Fed’s September decision. Whether current demand can absorb that growing supply now decides where Bitcoin price action heads next.
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Palo Alto Networks CEO Nikesh Arora said companies must build an entirely new security stack for the roughly $5 trillion of capital spending on AI infrastructure he expects over the next five years.
Arora spoke on CNBC’s Mad Money on Tuesday, after the cybersecurity firm posted fiscal fourth quarter results that beat Wall Street estimates.
Arora Breaks Down the Math Behind $1 Trillion of Cybersecurity Debt
The executive said AI is forcing companies to modernize roughly $1 trillion of aging cybersecurity infrastructure that cannot handle attacks moving at machine speed.
“There’s approximately $1 trillion of global cybersecurity debt that must be modernized to defend against automated threats because they operate instantaneously,” he stated during the earnings call.
He reached that figure through simple arithmetic. Security equipment lasts about seven years, and annual spending runs $200 billion to $300 billion.
“You’re going to see $5 trillion of capex spend in the next five years with people building AI data centers and having tons and tons of agents running around. You also have to build a net new security stack for that,” he said.
Arora highlighted the launch of Anthropic’s Mythos model earlier this year as a major shift in the cybersecurity space. The model’s ability to identify and exploit software vulnerabilities pushed companies to take cybersecurity more seriously.
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Results Back Up the Argument
That shift in urgency is already showing up in the company’s numbers. Quarterly revenue reached $3.41 billion, up 34% year over year, against analyst estimates of $3.35 billion. Adjusted earnings came in at $1.02 per share, four cents above expectations.
Next-generation Security annual recurring revenue hit $9.10 billion, a 63% increase. Remaining performance obligations rose 34% to $21.2 billion.
The company guided to $14.10 billion to $14.20 billion in revenue for fiscal 2027, ahead of the $13.79 billion forecast from analysts.
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Asian equities sank in Wednesday’s trading as renewed US airstrikes on Iran pushed oil prices higher and triggered a global bond selloff that spilled into the region.
The MSCI Asia-Pacific Index, a broad gauge of stocks outside Japan, fell 1.5%, while South Korea’s KOSPI dropped more than 3% and the Nikkei 225 slid 2.6%.
Oil Jumps as Bond Yields Hit Multi-Year Highs
Brent crude rose 1.3% to $95.91 a barrel Wednesday. The gains extended a rally that began after the United States launched fresh airstrikes on Iran on Tuesday. The attack briefly pushed oil to a five-week high.
The KOSPI has fallen as global macro conditions take their toll. Image Source: Trading View
The strikes renewed fears over disruptions to the Strait of Hormuz.
“The threat of further disruptions to the Strait of Hormuz has brought about renewed anxiety over inflation, driving a selloff in stocks across most major markets and a rout in global bond markets,” Westpac analysts wrote.
DBS analysts added that if the bond rout does not stabilize, policymakers may need more aggressive measures to cap yields.
The US 10-year Treasury yield hit an intraday high of 4.8122%, its highest level in almost three years. Japan’s 5-year government bond yield climbed to 2.295%, a record.
Most Markets are Taking a Hit
Meanwhile, crypto assets slipped alongside broader risk sentiment. Bitcoin fell to $77,000, and Ether dropped to $2,410.73, based on the latest BeInCrypto data.
Rising bond yields have already been rattling Asian tech and chip stocks in recent weeks. Wednesday’s move extended that pressure into a broader equity selloff.
However, Wall Street stocks also fell overnight as rising bond yields weighed on equities. The S&P 500 slipped 0.7% and the Nasdaq Composite fell 1%.
Traders now see a 67% chance the Federal Reserve raises rates at its two-day meeting ending September 16. That is up from a 39.6% chance a week earlier, according to the CME Group’s FedWatch tool. The tool estimates rate-hike odds from futures pricing.
With yields still climbing and a Fed decision two weeks away, markets face a volatile stretch. Wednesday’s selloff shows how directly the widening Iran conflict is now moving oil, Wall Street, and Bitcoin.

Elon Musk said Grok 4.7 will be released to the public in 10 days and that the model will surpass every AI model currently available.
The release follows Grok 4.6, which SpaceXAI shipped on August 12. It also comes as OpenAI announced that its new Astra model will be launched soon.
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Grok 4.7 comes out in 10 days https://t.co/ZSXmzVFqB1
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) September 2, 2026
SpaceX Data Sits at the Center of Grok 4.7
Musk has built the case across a run of posts. He said in mid-August that initial training had finished and that SpaceX company data was being incorporated through supplemental training.
Musk had earlier detailed the architecture. Grok 4.7 runs on a 2.1 trillion parameter base, up from the 1.5 trillion parameter foundation behind Grok 4.6. He said the larger model runs slightly more slowly while using tokens more efficiently.
He also named the rival he expects to trail him.
“Grok 4.7 will exceed all current models. That said, Anthropic is a great company and will probably release improved models soon. However, the SpaceX training corpus is so awesome & unique that I would be shocked if any model is better at real-world engineering than 4.7,” the post read.
Meanwhile, the release cadence has tightened. SpaceXAI took Grok 4.5 public in July and shipped Grok 4.6 on August 12.
Grok 4.6 Benchmarks Set the Bar
Grok 4.6 was built on its predecessor, Grok 4.5. The company said the model has a “particular focus on long-running agents and more ambitious interactive and visual work.”
According to figures shared, the model scored 61 on the AA Intelligence Index, level with GPT-5.6 Sol Max and behind Claude Fable 5 Max at 62. Grok 4.5 scored 56.
Introducing Grok 4.6.It delivers frontier intelligence and is a significant improvement over Grok 4.5 at the same price. pic.twitter.com/RtTbpXcb3a
— SpaceXAI (@SpaceXAI) August 12, 2026
Grok 4.6 led GDPVal-AA v2 with 1753. Yet it managed 26% on Terminal-Bench v3.0, well behind GPT-5.6 Sol Max at 34.6%.
Grok 4.5 set a similar pattern. It topped Artificial Analysis’s AutomationBench-AA at 51.4% while costing $0.34 per task. However, it logged 0.63 guardrail violations per task, above Claude Opus 4.8’s 0.55.
Musk has now attached a firm number to the release. Whether SpaceXAI ships independent evaluations will determine how far the engineering claim travels.
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Cryptocurrency-based prediction platform Polymarket now gives Democrats better-than-even odds of sweeping both chambers of Congress in November. Trump’s approval ratings are sliding, and gas prices just hit a fresh record.
The odds have moved fast. A Democratic sweep sat at just 26% a year ago and 45% one month ago.
Democrats Gain Ground as Trump’s Support Slides
Polymarket’s 2026 midterms market, called Balance of Power, puts the odds of a Democratic sweep at 51%. The House looks decided, with Democrats holding 89% odds. The Senate is closer, with Democrats at 51%.
Democrats are favored by Polymarket bettors to sweep the House. Image Source: Polymarket
Republicans currently control both chambers of Congress. Elections are set for Nov. 3.
Trump’s Approval Rating Drops for A Number of Reasons
The shift tracks Trump’s sliding approval. Some surveys put his support as low as 32% to 34%.
A Financial Times and FocalData poll found most Americans say their finances have worsened under Trump. A majority of independents agreed.
A separate Reuters and Ipsos poll found Democrats now edge out Republicans on the economy. Voters split 37% to 36% in the Democrats’ favor, ending nearly a decade of Republican advantage on the issue.
Rising gas prices are adding to the pressure. The national average hit a record $4.056 a gallon in August.
That breaks the previous high of $3.940, set in 2022. The conflict with Iran keeps energy markets on edge.
Trump has defended the price spikes as a necessary cost of pushing Iran toward denuclearization. He said he would never apologize because he did the right thing.
Trump has also moved to court Venezuelan oil supply. He met with industry executives this week to try to cool prices.
Election Day is two months away. The question now is whether Republicans can reverse the slide, or whether Polymarket’s odds keep drifting toward a Democratic sweep.

Donald Trump Jr. is deepening his ties to Polymarket through a new $300 million investment from 1789 Capital, his venture firm. He also holds a paid advisory role, and equity, at rival Kalshi, giving him a stake in whichever platform wins.
1789 Capital is contributing $300 million to Polymarket’s $1 billion round, valuing the platform at $21 billion. Trump Jr. separately holds a Kalshi stake, granted in 2025 and worth $300,000 at the time, before Kalshi’s valuation climbed to $22 billion.
Advisor to Both Sides
Trump Jr. became a paid strategic advisor to Kalshi in January 2025. He joined Polymarket’s advisory board seven months later, alongside 1789 Capital’s initial investment in the platform.
Trump Jr's firm led a $1 billion Polymarket raise while he also advises Kalshi"1789 Capital is putting in about $300 million, adding to a roughly $200 million stake, as the prediction market's valuation rises from $15 billion to $21 billion.""Interestingly, Polymarket is not… https://t.co/7DNyvHDDAo pic.twitter.com/GVlJwSZ0zL
— The Wolf Of All Streets (@scottmelker) September 1, 2026
The arrangement gives the president’s son financial or advisory ties to the two largest prediction market platforms in the country. Both compete for the same users and the same regulatory outcomes.
Front Office Sports flagged the dual role at the time, noting that advising two direct rivals raises its own conflict-of-interest questions. Kalshi has told CNBC that Trump Jr.’s advisory work concerns marketing strategy, not regulatory matters.
A Direct Line to Regulators
The New York Times reported that Trump Jr. privately urged Republican attorneys general to stop pursuing prediction markets. The remarks came in March, at a closed-door gathering in New Orleans. He argued that traditional gambling companies were driving the pushback to protect their own market position. The Times cited people familiar with the matter.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has sued nine states this year to block state regulation of prediction markets. Eight of those states have Democratic attorneys general. Arizona has gone further than most, filing criminal charges against Kalshi in March over unlicensed gambling.
Trump Jr.’s dual advisory roles sit inside that fight. Any state loss for Kalshi or Polymarket touches a business he is tied to twice over.
President Trump has separately backed the industry. He called prediction markets a new class of financial product in May. He also argued that the CFTC’s authority over them should stay intact. His son’s financial interests in both leading platforms now sit atop that same policy debate.

Pantera Capital founder Dan Morehead calls the US Treasury’s expanded bond buyback plan a bluff that backfired. He ties Bitcoin’s 26% August rally directly to it.
Speaking on Bloomberg Crypto, Morehead argued investors saw through Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent’s move almost immediately.
The Buyback That Backfired
On August 19, Bessent doubled the Treasury’s bond buybacks to ease borrowing costs. The program lets the government repurchase its own debt to influence bond yields. The cap rose to at least $4 billion per operation.
Morehead said the increase looked tiny against the $2 trillion in bonds the Treasury must sell every year. Highlighting the gap, he argued, only exposed the depth of the debt problem rather than solving it.
“It backfired because everyone could see they are off by three orders of magnitude.”
Dan Morehead, Pantera Capital founder, Bloomberg
Bitcoin’s Best August Since 2021
Bitcoin climbed 26% in August, its strongest month since November 2025. It marked the first net positive August since 2021, briefly topping $81,000. BTC traded near $77,258 at press time, per BeInCrypto data.
Fed Chair Kevin Warsh struck a different tone at Jackson Hole. He argued stronger growth could lift rates and reduce the appeal of yield-free assets like bitcoin. Both gold and Bitcoin retreated after the speech, giving Morehead’s bullish debt thesis its clearest pushback yet.
Morehead called crypto a macro trade that benefits whenever governments keep expanding debt. He pointed to Pantera’s call that Bitcoin would peak at $117,542 on August 10, 2025, a forecast that held. He argued the same four-year cycle model now points to another leg higher once this pullback ends.
Bitcoin peaking on the exact day Pantera called years earlier means the current pullback fits the same script, according to Morehead. He said the pattern has held for the 13 years his fund has tracked it.
Morehead expects a new upswing to begin near the end of this year, followed by another two to three year run.

Strategy is buying Bitcoin (BTC) again, but according to President and CEO Phong Le, the decision has little to do with where Bitcoin’s price sits.
Le said the math behind Strategy’s renewed purchases comes down to cost of capital, not market timing.
Why Bitcoin Buying Comes Down to Capital Costs
Strategy’s resumed Bitcoin purchases followed a 10-week pause spent shoring up its balance sheet. Le compared the underlying calculation to financing a data center buildout.
Land and energy costs have climbed, he said, even as the cost of raising capital stayed low.
“We don’t really make decisions on Bitcoin specific to Bitcoin price.”
Phong Le, President and CEO, Strategy
I joined Bloomberg @crypto to discuss Strategy's return to buying Bitcoin, building a fortress balance sheet, MSCI’s index proposal, and equity market demand for Bitcoin. $MSTR 00:24 – Back to buying bitcoin:native and why the decision was not price-driven00:43 – Fortress… pic.twitter.com/YoO8U5FIvf
— Phong Le (@phongle) September 1, 2026
He said the trade only works when selling shares or debt costs less than Bitcoin’s expected return. Strategy ranked fourth among public companies for equity capital raised this year, behind only SpaceX, Google, and Intel, Le said.
Why Strategy Still Sells, Occasionally
Le rejected the idea that Strategy only accumulates Bitcoin, calling it a “two way strategy” instead. Earlier this year, the company sold about 7,000 BTC, under 1% of holdings, to fund dividends and buybacks.
He said debt holders and ratings agencies expect a company willing to sell assets when needed. A firm that never sells, he argued, is not a “fully operating” company.
Betting on a Sustained Bull Market
Le’s comments suggest he expects Bitcoin’s rally to continue well beyond current levels. He said Strategy would keep buying at $80,000, $90,000, or $100,000, and even at a $130,000 all-time high, arguing today’s purchases would look justified if Bitcoin later climbs to $260,000.
“I don’t foresee us holding Bitcoin as we enter into what I consider a heavy bull market.”
Phong Le, President and CEO, Strategy
That conviction also sits behind Strategy’s fight against an MSCI index removal proposal. MSCI is an index provider whose benchmarks guide passive fund flows.
The proposal would exclude companies with large Bitcoin treasuries, and Le has called it discriminatory.
He argues Bitcoin functions as an operating asset on Strategy’s balance sheet, not a passive holding. That distinction could decide whether Strategy stays in MSCI’s indexes when a ruling arrives October 16.

Wall Street logged its third consecutive losing session Tuesday. Fresh U.S. strikes on Iran sent oil surging, and CNBC’s Jim Cramer says three forces now keep the market, including Bitcoin, volatile.
The Dow fell 419 points and the Nasdaq dropped 1%. Both slides reflect geopolitical shocks, bond market stress, and a hawkish new Fed chair. The 10-year Treasury yield climbed to 4.79%.
Three Forces Rattling Wall Street
The first of the three factors is Iran. Renewed U.S. strikes near the Strait of Hormuz pushed Brent crude up 4.6% to $95.70 a barrel Tuesday evening. U.S. crude closed above $90 for the first time in over a month.
Cramer says the pattern keeps repeating as Iran’s latest Hormuz threat resurfaces whenever ceasefire hopes fade.
The second factor is the Federal Reserve. Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh has signaled he would raise rates even at the cost of a recession.
Cramer compares him to former Fed Chair Paul Volcker, another inflation hawk. Traders now put the odds of a September rate hike at 66%, up from about 40% a week earlier.
The third is the president himself. Cramer estimates a provocative post on Iran shaves about a quarter point off major indexes. An actual strike can cut markets by half a percent and add two percentage points to oil. He calls it a volatility premium with no fixed expiration.
Cramer’s team also trimmed data center exposure ahead of the November election, wary of political risk to AI names. They kept core holdings in Nvidia and Apple.
Bitcoin Also Feeling the Pressure
The pressure has spilled into digital assets too. Bitcoin’s brief slide below $77,000 tracked Tuesday’s broader risk-off move.
Bitcoin has slipped below $77,000 briefly. Image Source: BeInCrypto
Investors trimmed exposure across both stocks and crypto. Ether slid alongside bitcoin as traders cut risk broadly across the sector. Cramer’s investing club raised cash to more than 15%, the highest level in its 25-year history.
He is betting the whipsaw continues until Iran’s conflict eases or the Fed’s path becomes clearer. The next test arrives Friday, when the August jobs report could reshape rate-hike expectations further.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) proposed new transfer agent rules on Tuesday. A blockchain could become the official record of who owns a share.
The same day, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) settled with a swaps trader. He had erased messages regulators ordered him to keep. Both actions turn on what counts as an official record.
Stock Records On-Chain Depend on One Obscure Firm
Transfer agents sit behind every public company share. They keep the master securityholder file, which is the issuer’s legal list of who owns what; they also route dividends and process transfers.
Washington has not rewritten those rules since the early 1980s, but Tuesday’s package amends existing rules and forms, rescinds one rule, and adds several new ones. Commissioner Hester Peirce said on X (twitter) that the proposal took more than a decade.
The transfer agent rule proposal, more than a decade in the making, is finally out. We welcome comment on all aspects, including implications for tokenization: https://t.co/KyOF5WDStE and https://t.co/WAWDuncy4H
— Hester Peirce (@HesterPeirce) September 1, 2026
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Chairman Paul Atkins tied the update to technology the industry already uses.
“This proposal would streamline and modernize the Commission’s rules to reflect transfer agents’ current processes and operations, including the use of electronic communications and blockchain technology in connection with securities offerings and the transfer of shares,” read an excerpt in the announcement, citing Atkins.
That line decides whether a token is a share or a wrapper around one. A transfer only carries legal weight when the chain feeds the official file. Meanwhile the tokenization ownership gap has widened while the rules stood still.
Securitize, Computershare, and Equiniti have already moved for the work, BeInCrypto’s transfer agent guide explains. Registrars would also disclose which securities they tokenize and which networks host them.
A $90,000 Penalty for Messages That Vanished
Elsewhere, the CFTC closed the opposite kind of case. A federal court in Manhattan entered a consent order against John Patrick Gorman III. He is a US dollar swaps trader and a managing director at a global investment bank.
.@CFTC Resolves Action Against Swaps Trader for Making False Statements: https://t.co/wQVX1L5wLx
— CFTC (@CFTC) September 1, 2026
Enforcement staff told Gorman in March 2019 to preserve documents. He deleted WhatsApp threads and one text message instead.
Two months on, he wrote to the agency claiming he had destroyed nothing. He repeated that account under testimony in November 2019.
“Attempts to impede or obstruct the Commission’s investigations go to the very heart of the division’s ability to detect wrongdoing and enforce the law,” the CFTC said in its release, citing David Miller, the agency’s enforcement director.
The order fines Gorman $90,000 and permanently bars him from repeating the conduct. Regulators still rely on what a trader chooses to keep, which is the weakness a shared ledger removes.

At three in the morning, an AI system can evaluate a trade flow, verify a contract and trigger a cross-border payout in seconds. The payment may still sit in a correspondent bank queue for days. Corporate software now operates at machine speed, while the financial infrastructure beneath it still keeps banking hours.
That timing gap is the structural challenge. The financial architecture underneath these autonomous workflows has failed to experience a corresponding modernization.
Sophisticated, automated software layers now sit on top of traditional banking rails that remain bound by manual processes, legacy clearing schedules, regional banking hours and standard multi-day settlement timelines. This systemic divergence creates an immediate operational mismatch.
An enterprise cannot maximize continuous, automated commerce when its settlement infrastructure relies on decades-old technology designs.
Deconstructing the Multi-Intermediary Chain in Global Commerce
To understand why traditional clearing mechanisms introduce severe latency, it is necessary to examine the specific structural plumbing of international trade finance. Legacy institutional settlement networks do not transfer value natively; instead, they pass transactional instructions across sequential databases.
When a global payment moves across traditional banking channels, the underlying instruction must migrate through a fragmented array of payment gateways, domestic clearing houses, central banking networks, and multiple intermediary correspondent institutions.
Each individual leg of this journey introduces an additional layer of ledger reconciliation, manual compliance verification, localized operational hours, and distinct fee structures.
For instance, an international payment initiated late on a Friday afternoon from a financial hub in Singapore may not achieve final settlement at its destination bank in São Paulo until the following Wednesday.
The software system determines the optimal allocation of capital and fires the transaction instruction in milliseconds, yet the financial infrastructure requires five business days to clear the funds.
This prolonged processing latency introduces counterparty risk and ties up critical corporate liquidity. For international trading firms, working capital remains locked in transit and unavailable for deployment.
The resulting operational friction forces human intervention back into workflows designed for automation, creating a structural drag on global capital velocity.
Global Banking Giants Launch Stablecoin CompanyA major coalition including @BankofAmerica, @Citi, @GoldmanSachs, @DeutscheBank, and @UBS is building a traditional alternative to incumbents like Circle.Banking powerhouses are actively moving to capture digital settlement… pic.twitter.com/QDuPkdVF0L
— BeInCrypto (@beincrypto) September 1, 2026
Designing the Integrated Operational Architecture
Solving this infrastructure deficit requires moving away from fragmented vendor arrangements. When institutions attempt to stitch together separate partners for execution, asset storage, and fiat connectivity, they merely replicate the inefficiency of the legacy banking system.
Software agents requiring instant settlement cannot be delayed by internal transfers between an isolated over-the-counter desk, a third-party custodian, and an external payment gateway. True efficiency demands one platform where money moves.
SCRYPT follows this integrated model, combining execution, segregated custody and multi-currency settlement on one platform. Keeping the transaction lifecycle in one place reduces internal hand-offs and can limit reconciliation delays and vendor counterparty exposure.
Recent findings from the Bank for International Settlements highlight that stablecoins do not operate as uniform instruments across networks. The same stablecoin issued on two blockchains exists on separate ledgers; bridging capital between them introduces costs, settlement delays and operational exposure.
When trading, custody and payment rails span providers and chains, reconciliation failures and counterparty exposure compound. Overcoming this fragmentation requires an integrated framework capable of handling cross-chain settlement as one connected system.
Figure 1. Stablecoin fragmentation across blockchains. Source: BIS Annual Economic Report 2026, Graph 3 (published June 23, 2026; data through 2025). The Technical Bottleneck: Protocol Performance vs. Settlement Plumbing
As institutional developers seek to resolve this settlement bottleneck, the nature of digital asset networks is undergoing a fundamental shift. With the deployment of high-performance blockchain protocols capable of processing massive transaction volumes, technical transaction throughput is no longer the primary constraint for institutional adoption. The core operational bottleneck has migrated entirely from protocol engineering down to the underlying custody and settlement plumbing.
True institutional integration relies on agnostic infrastructure. This requires the implementation of management platforms that allow corporate treasuries to clear and settle value across stablecoin rails seamlessly, without requiring institutions to alter their day-to-day corporate financial workflows or interface directly with the complex technical elements of public ledgers.
The enterprise at the end of the chain should experience settlement that completes in real time, without changing how it already works.
Structural Exhaustion and Emerging Market Infrastructure
This operational reality is already dictating corporate behavior within emerging markets, where the adoption narrative has completely moved past speculative retail trading. In economic regions characterized by persistent foreign exchange shortages, systemic currency devaluation, and fragmented local banking systems, enterprise treasury teams are turning to digital settlement rails out of absolute necessity.
In liquidity corridors across Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, businesses encounter friction when accessing international clearing currencies through correspondent banks. Local currency conversion adds costs, delays supplier payments and exposes companies to volatility during multi-day clearing cycles. Some enterprises are using reserve-backed stablecoins to execute faster cross-border settlements.
Cross-border settlement across East Africa, without the dollar detour:Local currency in (KES, TZS, RWF or UGX), through a local partner.One licensed transaction. Stablecoin out.Ready to settle.No queuing for scarce bank dollars. No stacked FX spreads. Corridors are live… pic.twitter.com/SxubsHIHQZ
— SCRYPT (@Scrypt_Swiss) July 28, 2026
This paradigm shift represents a clear structural exhaustion with legacy infrastructure that fails to satisfy modern commercial requirements. Emerging market businesses use real-time T+0 settlement to rotate working capital efficiently, manage foreign exchange risk, and protect tight operating margins. In these environments, stablecoins are no longer viewed as alternative financial assets; they are functioning as essential infrastructure for daily commercial survival.
SCRYPT applies this model through multi-currency settlement infrastructure that connects local market exposure with reserve-backed stablecoins and major fiat currencies. For businesses in volatile economies, such platforms can support real-time pricing and faster international B2B payments while reducing reliance on correspondent banking.
Jurisdiction as Architecture
The expansion of digital settlement infrastructure has created another operational challenge: navigating a fragmented regulatory landscape. With major economies enforcing distinct frameworks, compliance has become an exercise in structural architecture.
A stablecoin authorised under one jurisdiction’s regime may require separate authorisation under another’s before it can be used the same way. Cross-border tax reporting initiatives such as the European Union’s DAC8 framework and the OECD’s Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) are also turning compliance into an infrastructure problem. Audit controls, automatic reporting and verification mechanisms must sit within the settlement plumbing. Jurisdictional choices lock in banking relationships, asset segregation standards and supervisory obligations that are costly to alter later.
This environment puts a premium on jurisdictions with mature, substantive financial oversight and long experience of supervising digital assets. Switzerland is one of them. Its principles-based approach accommodates new transactional structures while holding institutional-grade compliance standards, which is part of why it has become a base for firms building settlement infrastructure.
Because a principles-based model focuses on substantive risk management, it travels well. Infrastructure anchored to a FINMA portfolio manager licence alongside VQF supervisory membership can work with counterparties across regions, provided each market’s framework is addressed separately. That is deliberate, institutional-grade architecture.
Building for the Permanent Design Constraints of Global Commerce
The friction between regional regulatory frameworks and fragmented legacy clearing chains is a permanent condition of the global economy. Institutions and enterprises must treat it as a design constraint and build their infrastructure accordingly.
The broader market trajectory reinforces this structural migration. Stablecoins have evolved from niche digital assets into an increasingly important layer of global financial infrastructure, with growing adoption across enterprise treasury, cross-border payments, and institutional settlement. This trajectory indicates that the migration of enterprise treasury operations onto digital asset rails represents a lasting shift in global finance rather than a temporary market cycle.
Figure 2. Stablecoin market capitalization remains concentrated in USDT and USDC. Source: BIS Annual Economic Report 2026, Graph 2 (market data as of May 29, 2026).
To scale securely within this framework, global institutions must replace vendor fragmentation with an integrated platform design. Utilizing multiple disparate counterparties for trading, custody, and stablecoin execution introduces unacceptable operational risk and reconciliation overhead. Enterprises require a single point of access, where trading, custody and settlement sit on one platform rather than across three vendors reconciled after the fact.
Execution quality determines whether institutional digital asset infrastructure can support global enterprise operations. Anchoring a technology stack within Switzerland’s regulatory environment enables providers like SCRYPT to combine deep liquidity, segregated multi-party computation (MPC) custody and instant automated clearing. This lets enterprises deploy capital without carrying the operational burden of fragmented infrastructure.
Software automation can complete financial and operational analysis at machine speed. The infrastructure used to settle those outcomes must align with that velocity. Automated commercial networks already operate around the clock. Institutional capital must follow. The standard is one platform, where money moves.

The anonymous leaker behind CyberLeek has reportedly pocketed roughly $350,000, according to on-chain analyst Conor Grogan. The funds allegedly came entirely from liquidity fees rather than direct sales.
The withdrawal coincided with a sharp price decline for the CYBERLEEK meme coin.
The Mastermind Strategy Behind CyberLeek
Grogan stated on September 1 that the person behind CyberLeek withdrew the funds through various OTC providers, a route that converts digital assets into conventional money without requiring large open-market token sales.
That structure differs meaningfully from a typical launch-and-dump scheme. Rather than offloading large CYBERLEEK holdings directly, the wallet tied to the project reportedly profited by collecting fees whenever other traders transacted in its liquidity pool.
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The GTA 6 hacker, responsible for the Cyberleek coin, has cashed out about $350k, entirely from LP fees. They have washed funds through a variety of OTC providersThis is the first hacker that I've ever seen make money solely on liquidity provision (versus dumping a token) https://t.co/5czgluVKBn pic.twitter.com/ABzjSjYAed
— Conor (@jconorgrogan) September 1, 2026
This mechanism depends entirely on sustained trading activity. The viral GTA VI leaks appeared to provide exactly that fuel, drawing in buyers and speculators with each new clip, even as rising volume exposed participants to greater volatility and potential losses.
CyberLeek Launch Timeline
Blockchain researchers traced the CYBERLEEK token’s launch to August 15. The Solana-based asset accompanied each new leak as part of a broader campaign, though the identity behind the controlling wallets remains publicly unconfirmed.
Rockstar Games acknowledged the leaks on August 26, calling the situation heartbreaking, but did not publicly name CyberLeek or draw a definitive conclusion about the leaks’ origin. The studio has since filed federal subpoenas targeting Microsoft and Discord to further the case.
As of the latest reading, CYBERLEEK traded near $0.002959, down 25.6% over 24 hours, according to CoinGecko data, with a market cap of $2.17 million and 24-hour trading volume of $2.69 million.
The token’s price has swung sharply in a single day, ranging from $0.0024 to $0.0041. It now trades roughly 91% below its all-time high, reached on August 23.
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Wall Street’s biggest desks turned defensive as September opened. CNBC’s Investment Committee did the opposite. None of its four members plans to sell.
The split comes as stocks enter the month after 27 record closes this year. September is also the weakest month on the calendar.
Why Wall Street Is Buying Protection
Scott Rubner runs equity and equity derivatives strategy at Citadel Securities and came from Goldman Sachs. His August 31 note made three points.
Earnings are done.
Companies authorized more than $1.1 trillion in buybacks through August. Those buyers go quiet from September 12.
Retail steps back too.
Rubner’s data shows September has the year’s weakest dip buying. Purchases on down days run near half the normal pace.
Hedges are cheap.
The VIX closed August at 14.4, its second lowest finish since December 2025.
“Use strength to reduce some exposure and add inexpensive protection into this event window,” he noted.
Others followed, with JPMorgan’s trading desk moving to neutral. Wells Fargo turned cautious on fears that AI spending has peaked.
Both were far more bullish weeks ago, when JPMorgan raised S&P forecasts as hedging demand dried up.
Why the Committee Is Not Selling
Joe Terranova, Virtus Investment Partners
Momentum fell double digits this quarter while quality rose 1.5%. The market has somewhere to land, he says, so he will not turn bearish yet.
Stephanie Link, Hightower
She is not trying to time the month. Any dip becomes a chance to add to positions she has been building. Value has beaten growth by 14% this year.
Jason Snipe, Odyssey Capital Advisors
He calls himself a long-term investor, not a tactical trader. A soft patch is where he adds exposure.
Josh Brown, Ritholtz Wealth Management
Momentum peaked on June 22 and has fallen 13.7% since. That rotation already happened, he argues. Trading the calendar only creates taxable gains.
The Investment Committee explain how they are setting up their portfolios as we head into September. Source: CNBC
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However, the record is milder than the reputation, because since 1950, September has cost the S&P 500 just 0.6% on average. The month still finished higher 34 times out of 75.
The economy is also holding up. Job openings stayed at 7.3 million in July, the Labor Department reported Tuesday.
Job openings rose from 7.18m in June to 7.27m in July, but beneath the surface measures of labor churn ticked lower:Quits rate 2% >> 1.9%Hires rate 3.4% >> 3.2%Layoffs rate 1.1% >> 1.0% pic.twitter.com/TO3qeBMJ15
— Liz Thomas (@LizThomasStrat) September 1, 2026
Bitcoin (BTC) faces the same test. BTC traded near $77,130 on Tuesday, down over 2% over the last 24 hours. Both markets carry a weak September seasonality record.
Bitcoin Price Performance. Source: BeInCrypto
The desks are paying for insurance. The committee is waiting for the sale.

Despite the rumors and fear-mongering, Quantum computers are still years away from threatening today’s financial systems. But the cost of preparing for them is already becoming real
In March, Google researchers estimated that a sufficiently advanced quantum computer could break widely used 256-bit elliptic-curve cryptography in minutes. This is the same level of cryptography used by crypto wallets, custody systems, blockchain signatures and much of the security infrastructure used by financial institutions.
Although Q-Day might not be tomorrow, governments have started planning. Because the risk is too great to ignore. The US is budgeting billions of dollars to move federal systems to new post-quantum standards, while NIST wants vulnerable algorithms phased out by 2035.
The transition is much harder for crypto. Assets worth billions can sit untouched for decades, old wallets may never be upgraded, and institutional custody systems were built around cryptography that quantum machines are expected to break.
BeInCrypto spoke with experts from BitGo, Nethermind and the cryptography community about what that migration will actually involve — and who will end up paying for it.
Bitcoin's Quantum threat is a PR problem, not a technical one. That's according to Oxford computer scientist @StefanoGogioso. Even if 75% of all crypto is quantum-resistant, the moment one Satoshi-era coin moves, the market could lose trillions. If there's 1% chance that… pic.twitter.com/GMIeEK3s83
— BeInCrypto (@beincrypto) July 23, 2026
The Quantum Risk For Crypto’s Institutional Giants
All three of our interviewed experts agree on the same thing. Institutions need a complete record of where vulnerable cryptography is used, including signing systems, hardware, recovery procedures, authentication and long-lived keys.
Nigel Smart, who has a PHD in Computational Number Theory, describes this as a Cryptographic Bill of Materials.
“The post-quantum standards are already in place, as well as many production-ready implementations. What most organizations lack is the clear inventory, something called a Cryptographic Bill of Materials. Knowing where crypto is used in your organization, how keys are managed, and what algorithms are used.”
NIST similarly places discovery and prioritization near the beginning of the transition process.
For Akshay Thakur from BitGo, institutional custody introduces another critical requirement.
“Institutional custody runs on threshold signing; the key is never assembled in one place. NIST standardized for implementation simplicity, compactness, and conservatism. Thresholdability was not a standardized priority. Falcon, which Solana, Algorand and now TRON have all adopted, do not have viable threshold construction today. It’s an open research problem.”
NIST opened its first formal call for multi-party threshold schemes in January 2026, while research presented at its MPTS workshop found severe efficiency penalties for threshold signing with standard hash-based signatures.
Nitin Gaur from Nethermind, an engineering firm specializing in Blockchain Infrastructure, says the same issue extends across company systems.
“Cryptographic inventory across the estate: every use of RSA, ECC and Diffie-Hellman in TLS, JWT issuance, code signing, CA roots, API authentication, firmware. It is ten to fifteen per cent of programme cost and one hundred per cent of the critical path.”
The White House just confirmed it: The U.S. is going all-in on Quantum tech. 🇺🇸Now that it's official, the crypto market needs to have a serious conversation about post-quantum cryptography.If quantum computers arrive sooner than expected, billions in exposed bitcoin:native… https://t.co/1FaLyh9EgV pic.twitter.com/sU6GUywZLM
— BeInCrypto (@beincrypto) June 22, 2026
Bigger Signatures, Bigger Costs
Post-quantum security comes with substantially larger keys and signatures. NIST’s ML-DSA-65 uses a 3,309-byte signature and a 1,952-byte public key, while commonly used elliptic-curve signatures are measured in tens of bytes. Some SLH-DSA variants reach tens of kilobytes.
On blockchains, more bytes mean greater bandwidth use, higher storage requirements and potentially higher fees.
For proof-of-stake networks, Nigel Smart also points to the difficulty of aggregating standardized post-quantum signatures efficiently.
“Post-quantum signatures can be substantially larger than today’s signatures, increasing bandwidth, storage, and verification overhead. In the blockchain space, we need signatures (for the consensus layer in proof-of-stake blockchains) which can be easily aggregated (which is currently non-trivial with standardized post-quantum signatures).
Thakur expects the user-facing cost to appear strongly at signing time, as larger payloads pass through multiparty protocols and add latency.
Hybrid periods, where classical and post-quantum signatures run together, can compound those costs further.
The Custody Issue
Institutional custody was built around elliptic-curve cryptography, with MPC, hardware security modules, recovery procedures and approval systems designed accordingly. Changing the signature therefore requires custodians to revalidate much of the control system around the key.
Gaur says MPC offers no quantum resistance by itself.
“MPC distributes the computation but does not change the algorithm: threshold ECDSA across five parties is still ECDSA. A quantum computer derives the private key from the public key alone, so it does not need to compromise any party and does not care how many there are. Every dollar spent distributing trust across signers buys exactly zero quantum resistance, and that is not well understood inside institutions that believe their custody is state of the art.”
Nigel Smart says some of the hardest systems to upgrade will be wallets, custody infrastructure and smart contracts already controlling assets.
Bitcoin shows why the clock matters. A June 2026 report estimated that around 1.7 million BTC still sit in early addresses where public keys are already exposed.
Many of those coins may never move, leaving them vulnerable if quantum computers become powerful enough before the network completes its migration.
How does Satoshi prove they're Satoshi after quantum computers arrive?According to @danboneh, the answer is leaving a cryptographic note onchain today, then opening it in 100 years. https://t.co/1aRjihHSoW pic.twitter.com/A0qEGU7gac
— a16z crypto (@a16zcrypto) August 28, 2026
Who Pays for the Migration?
Smart expects responsibility to be divided between protocol developers, custodians, service providers and asset owners, since each group controls a different part of the migration.
Gaur instead argues for a central budget with senior ownership.
“Centrally funded, CISO owned, CFO approved multi-year line, governed the way Y2K and LIBOR were. No business line will volunteer budget for a programme with no revenue and no customer asking, and funded that way it will not happen.”
Public blockchains are harder to govern because there is no single budget holder capable of forcing every participant to upgrade. A custodian can replace its own signing systems, yet it cannot compel dormant asset owners to move funds or impose consensus changes across an entire network.
Internet security shows that large migrations can still begin early. By April 2026, Cloudflare reported that more than two-thirds of human-generated TLS traffic reaching its network already used post-quantum protection.
An Unpriced Cost
Crypto still lacks a credible industry-wide estimate. Thakur outlined where the biggest costs are likely to fall.
“Most of the cost isn’t cryptography. It’s inventory and dependency mapping. It’s hardware that can’t be upgraded and has to be replaced. It’s running classical and post-quantum systems in parallel while you prove the new one preserves every control. It’s re-auditing and re-certifying. And there’s one category with no precedent in any previous cryptographic migration: paying on-chain transaction fees to move assets, at post-quantum signature sizes, on chains where those larger signatures have themselves pushed fees up.”
Nigel Smart commented on the timeline for such a migration.
“The transition is likely to take years rather than months, making early inventory, testing, and staged migration preferable to a last-minute upgrade. However, many governments and large companies have brought forward their timelines for transition quite aggressively over the last few months.”
The dates already give institutions enough to budget against. Ethereum is aiming for core post-quantum protections around 2029, while NIST’s transition timetable extends through 2035.
The uncertainty lies in when cryptographically relevant quantum hardware arrives, while procurement cycles, hardware replacement and custody redesign already operate on timelines measured in years.

Broadcom stock reports third-quarter results after Wednesday’s close and has climbed 4% from last week’s low to $370.34.
Wall Street rates it a Strong Buy, with 25 buy ratings, three holds, and no sells, despite a major money flow warning.
Broadcom 2026 Price Path: BeInCrypto
Broadcom shares still sit 23% below the record they set on June 2, up 7% this year, compared with 63% for the PHLX Semiconductor Index.
What Wall Street Expects From the Stock
This is the season’s last big AI print, after 36 analysts backed Nvidia into its own results.
Analysts expect $29.241 billion of revenue and $3.215 in adjusted earnings.
$AVGO: The most crowded "custom chip relay trade" ahead of earnings.Review of the previous trading session: AVGO ranked high in ticker mentions on X; the primary driver was not its gains last Friday, but the upcoming post-market earnings release on September 2. MRVL’s… pic.twitter.com/GcKVZuYvBy
— OwenCarter (@OwenCarter_k) September 1, 2026
Broadcom Analyst Split: BeInCrypto
One number undercuts the rest. In June, Broadcom told investors in its own second-quarter filing that it would make about $29.4 billion this quarter. Analysts are forecasting slightly less than the company promised.
That is the weak signal. Broadcom has beaten its own numbers eight quarters in a row, so analysts would normally forecast above the guide. This time they sit below it.
The growth explains why. Almost all of it now comes from AI chips, which earn Broadcom far less than its software business does.
AI will account for $16 billion of this quarter’s sales, 54% of the total, up from 49% last quarter, including OpenAI’s first custom processor.
Broadcom told investors it will still earn 67 cents of profit on every dollar of sales, the same as last quarter, while revenue jumps 84%. The company is getting much bigger without getting any more profitable.
Broadcom Earnings Reaction Record: BeInCrypto
Even beating has not helped before. TipRanks data shows AVGO stock topping estimates every quarter since 2024 yet falling the next day four times, with an average move of 10.53% and a spread from a 13.01% fall to a 22.71% gain.
The reason sits in the ownership data.
Why Money Is Leaving AVGO Stock
TipRanks scores blogger sentiment at 83% bullish and news sentiment at 0.89 out of one. Yet its best-performing investors cut Broadcom exposure 2.37% over 30 days and 3.06% in the last seven. The selling is speeding up.
Broadcom Talk Versus Money: BeInCrypto
This is not only a Broadcom story. Chaikin Money Flow, a proxy for whether institutional money is entering or leaving a stock, is negative on 10 of 14 major chip names.
The four still positive sit outside AI compute. The five worst all build AI accelerators, the same rotation that pulled smart money out of Nvidia, in a year when Wall Street kept choosing between chip names.
Chip Sector Money Flow: BeInCrypto
AVGO stock sits last among those 14, at -0.225.
Broadcom Stock Price Levels to Watch
Broadcom shares have fallen inside a descending channel since June 3. Buying volume only improved on August 27.
Broadcom Stock Money Flow: TradingView
Confirmation needs a daily close above $376.28, then $398.34 to come close to leaving the channel. One widely followed chart account says Broadcom needs a bigger bounce to match Nvidia and TSMC.
$NVDA $TSM $AVGOUncanny isn't it?Well if AVGO wants to follow in TSM's footsteps and especially in NVDA's footsteps to keep up with the current up trend, we need to see a bigger bounce off the orange trendline.Can we see a Nvidia type move?Earnings this Wed after hrs with… pic.twitter.com/2mjXsMuW4t
— Heisenberg (@Mr_Derivatives) August 29, 2026
Failure is faster. Losing $356.62 opens $344.46, and a break of $334.62 exposes $324.79.
Broadcom Stock Price Analysis: TradingView
Analyst’s View: Broadcom stock is showing mixed trends heading into Wednesday’s earnings. Almost every analysts call this a bullish stock, but the biggest shareholders are slowly selling. The chart has not picked a side either. That is why the reaction to the earnings could matter more than the numbers.