Q.ANT's photonic chip architecture is 99% silicon with a thin lithium niobate layer, meaning they can fab on legacy CMOS lines (even 90nm nodes from the 1990s). The key unlock: their proprietary thin-film lithium niobate processing strategies differ from standard silicon fab processes, but the tooling (etch tools, etc.) remains standard CMOS. This is huge for scaling photonic quantum chips without needing expensive new fabs—just repurpose old semiconductor lines with custom processing recipes. Essentially turning legacy foundries into quantum photonics factories.