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A "hawkish rate cut" refers to a situation where the U.S. Federal Reserve lowers interest rates (a traditionally "dovish" action to stimulate the economy) but pairs it with hawkish commentary or projections that signal a slower pace of future cuts than markets initially expected, or a general cautious stance on inflation.
The December 2025 "Hawkish Cut"
On December 10, 2025, the Federal Reserve cut the target range for the U.S. interest rate by 25 basis points, bringing it to 3.50%-3.75%.
The "hawkish" aspect came from several key factors:
Slower Easing Trajectory: The updated "dot plot" (a chart of individual Fed officials' projections) indicated a median expectation for only one additional quarter-percentage-point cut in 2026 and another in 2027. This was more conservative than market expectations, which had priced in a higher probability of two cuts next year.Divided Committee: The decision was met with the most internal dissent since 2019, with two members voting to keep rates unchanged and one voting for a larger cut. This highlights deep divisions among policymakers regarding the appropriate path for monetary policy.Cautious Commentary: Fed Chair Jerome Powell emphasized that future moves will be strictly data-dependent and that this cut was a "prudent adjustment" rather than the start of an aggressive new easing cycle. He noted that inflation remains slightly above the Fed's 2% goal, though tariffs were cited as a primary driver.

Market Impact
The initial reaction was mixed. While a rate cut usually boosts risk assets like stocks and cryptocurrencies, the cautious tone had a dampening effect on some markets:
Risk Assets: Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin initially took a hit, falling below the $90,000 support level as the less-dovish-than-expected outlook weakened risk sentiment.Stocks: U.S. stock markets, including the S&P 500 and the Dow, actually rallied sharply, partly due to the Fed's decision to begin buying short-dated bonds to manage liquidity, which some viewed as a positive sign for equities.U.S. Dollar/Yields: The U.S. dollar and Treasury yields initially surged as the prospect of higher-for-longer rates became more concrete, although the dollar later softened slightly as some analysts saw the cut as less hawkish than initially feared.Borrowing Costs: The rate cut is expected to gradually lower borrowing costs over time for mortgages, auto loans, and credit cards, which supports consumer spending. However, it may also lead to lower returns for savers using high-yield accounts.
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