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Cryptocurrencies are digital or virtual currencies that use cryptography to ensure secure transactions, control the creation of new units, and verify the transfer of assets without needing a central bank or intermediaries.
Key features
Decentralization: They work through a distributed network (blockchain) managed by thousands of computers worldwide.
Security and immutability: Once a transaction has been carried out and confirmed on the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted.
Transparency: Transactions are public in the global ledger, although users’ identities usually remain under pseudonyms (wallet addresses).
Main elements
Bitcoin (BTC): Was the first cryptocurrency (created in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto) and the one with the largest market capitalization.
Altcoins: A term that includes all cryptocurrencies alternative to Bitcoin, such as Ethereum (ETH), Solana (SOL), or Cardano (ADA), which add smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps).
Stablecoins: Coins tied to the value of a stable asset (such as the US dollar, e.g., USDT or USDC) to mitigate volatility.
Crypto wallets: Software or hardware tools used to store the private keys needed to send and receive funds.
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