According to BlockBeats, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently expressed his opinion that the public often regards "Layer 2" and "sharding" as two opposing strategies for blockchain expansion, but in fact, the expansion methods of the two are exactly the same. He pointed out that both use data sharding, have fraud proofs or ZK-SNARK proofs, and have methods to solve cross-communication. The main difference lies in who is responsible for building and updating these parts, and how much autonomy they have. He believes that the Layer 2-centric ecosystem has technically achieved sharding, and this autonomous innovation method has great potential. However, this also brings challenges, especially in terms of coordination. He called for understanding and addressing these challenges head-on in order to make the Layer 2-centric ecosystem successful, in order to obtain as many advantages as possible from the Layer 1-centric ecosystem and get as close as possible to having the best features of both.