The United States debt has an important characteristic: a significant portion of U.S. Treasury bonds is held by foreign investors.
According to the data shown in the image, referring to May 2026, Japan appears as the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasury securities, with US$ 1,143.1 billion. The United Kingdom comes next, with US$ 948.6 billion, while China has US$ 659.3 billion.
The list also includes Belgium, the Cayman Islands, Luxembourg, Canada, France, Ireland, Taiwan, Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong, Norway, and India.
Brazil appears in 16th place, with approximately US$168.9 billion in long-term U.S. Treasury securities, according to the image.
These figures help to understand an important feature of the global financial system: the U.S. dollar and U.S. Treasury securities have a central role in reserves and international portfolios.
For the market, tracking who holds these securities is important because changes in international reserves, in U.S. interest rates, and in the demand for Treasuries can affect liquidity, the exchange rate, and capital flows.
The central question is not only the size of the U.S. debt, but also who is willing to finance it and how this demand evolves over time.
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