Wassh: AI may become the “new factor of production”; the annual Token sales of two major AI giants have already exceeded $100 billion

In a speech at Jackson Hole, Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Wassh specifically discussed artificial intelligence, saying that current AI development has become a “turning point in history,” and that its pace has even surpassed the most optimistic expectations from a few years ago. Wassh said that corporate capital expenditures are currently growing at the fastest rate since 2021, with an increase of about 9% over the past four quarters. More than half of this is related to AI buildouts, and going forward the focus will be on the “second-order changes” in AI capital expenditure growth—whether the growth rate continues to accelerate.

Wassh said that the annualized Token sales of two leading AI companies have now surpassed $100 billion, up more than 500% from a year earlier. He said the Fed has treated AI as “a new variable,” which could become a new factor of production, and that its development will affect economic growth and the setting of monetary policy.

Wassh also raised questions about whether AI can deliver sustained productivity gains, whether Token usage and labor are complementary or competitive, and ultimately who captures the economic surplus created by AI—AI labs, chip manufacturers, energy suppliers, or cloud service providers. There is still no clear answer.

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