According to ChainCatcher, Vitalik published a long article on Warpcast titled "Possible futures of the Ethereum protocol, part 1: The Merge". In the article, he discussed the technical design improvements and implementation methods of proof of stake.

Vitalik said that the three goals of Ethereum staking are to maximize the number of validators participating in staking, shorten the finalization time, and minimize the cost of running nodes. Ideally, it is hoped that the finality of the economy will be maintained while improving the status quo in two areas: completing blocks in one time slot (maintaining or reducing the current length of 12 seconds) and allowing validators to stake with 1 ETH (less than 32 ETH).