Analyzing from a code perspective: What are the challenges to ETH in the new public chains Aptos and Sui? How many times, a hundred times can it be? Will it become the second Polkadot?

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Sui will be online recently. Since both Aptos and Sui use the Move language, it should be noted that Aptos uses Core Move, while Sui uses Sui Move, which is an extended version of Core Move.
So today we will analyze it from the perspective of code, or from the perspective of coders: as a new public chain, can Sui challenge ETH, and will it become the second Polkadot.
1. About Move languageDuring the expected peak period of the official Aptos mainnet release in September 2022, I started using the Move language to work as a coder for a DEX on the Aptos platform (mainly to collect bounty bugs). I learned while doing it, and I found that Move was not useful at all. Difficult, it has many similarities with Rust.
Many blockchain developers say that solidity is easy, but Rust is difficult to write smart contracts. But many people in the circle will say "Move is simpler than solidity", which means that learning Move is much easier than learning solidity.
Most people know that Aptos and Sui both use the Move language.
Yes, but Aptos uses Core Move, while Sui uses Sui Move, which is an extended version of Core Move.
The Move language is known for its security, and Sui Move is considered more secure than Core Move. I've written on many smart contract projects, including EVM, Solana, Cosmos, and Polkadot — and I've yet to come across a language that offers comparable security to the Move language.
Solidity and Rust smart contracts are known to have numerous vulnerabilities and have been subject to numerous hacks. However, Move smart contracts facilitate direct management of crypto assets due to their inherent structure. This therefore allows developers to create highly secure smart contracts without requiring extensive security expertise.
By the way, Aptos uses Global Storage to store assets, while Sui uses their own Sui Storage to store assets. In order to better understand their differences, you can refer to this article: [ https://docs.sui.io/learn/sui-move-diffs ]
In my opinion, Sui Move is closer to real-world asset management because every asset on the Sui chain is treated as an object, similar to a tangible asset.
Let's analyze the high-level architecture of Aptos and Sui to discern the reasons behind the differences in the types of Move languages ​​used.
2. About AptosAptos’ architecture is strikingly similar to Solana’s, especially when it comes to handling tokens and programs.
As shown below, comparison between EVM and Solana
Solana has three types of accounts (program account, data account, wallet account);
The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) consists of two types of accounts (smart contract accounts and wallet accounts).
Solana's architecture introduces a split structure for smart contracts, dividing the program into "Logic" and "State" components. This separation facilitates parallel transaction execution.
For a more comprehensive understanding, consider reading an article written by Solana founder Anatoly Yakovenko.
Aptos does not use different account types, it uses addresses to represent accounts, and these addresses are connected to modules and resources stored in Global Storage.
Global storage in Aptos implements an index mapping so that resources (such as data, tokens, NFTs, etc.) and modules (smart contracts) in the storage can be accessed through the index, which consists of address and type.
For example: when we study a scenario, I have 30 APTs in my wallet. My wallet address is 0xabcd….
As shown in the example above, the coin storage structure representing the amount of APT is stored in global storage and can be accessed using the following index:
0xabcd + 0x1::coin::CoinStore<0x1::aptos_coin::AptosCoin>
The address 0xabcd shows the related resources (tokens and NFTs) present in my wallet.
On Aptos, tokens are created and managed using the standard token module aptos_framework::coin, which can be likened to Solana’s token program. Additionally, aptos_token::token is used to create and manage NFT collections and individual NFTs.
Due to the separation of resources and modules in Global Storage, Aptos can facilitate parallel processing of non-overlapping transactions as well as transactions that only read the same resources.
Due to its parallel processing capabilities, Aptos is estimated to be able to process up to 160,000 transactions per second. So it's a big step forward in the gaming and metaverse industry.
3. About SUI
Sui is characterized by its heavy use of objects, which means that everything in the Sui ecosystem is treated as an object. This includes Packages (smart contracts), tokens, and NFTs, all of which are grouped under the objects type.
In the Sui ecosystem, each object has a unique ID in Sui Storage and can be accessed through the corresponding ID.
For example: I have 30 SUIs in my wallet:
This is equivalent to my wallet address containing three objects, each representing 10 SUIs. If I go into the Sui browser and find my account, it shows that I have three SUI token objects in my wallet.
Object 0x0522..eefe SUI Balance : 10
Object 0xa611..2b9b SUI Balance : 10
Object 0xc741..b215 SUI Balance : 10
To gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between Sui objects and account addresses, refer to the image below
If the 5 SUIs in my wallet are transferred to another wallet, the 10 SUI objects will be replaced by two objects, each holding 5 SUIs. One of these two objects will be transferred to the new wallet. As a result, there will still be three objects left, but the total balance in my wallet will be 25 SUI.
Sui Objects can be divided into immutable objects (frozen objects), shared objects and mutable objects. For more details, please refer to the following link:
https://docs.sui.io/devnet/build/programming-with-objects/ch1-object-basics
Sui uses the sui::coin module to create and manage tokens. In terms of NFT, every object in Sui is unique, indicating that any object can be used as an NFT. Nonetheless, to differentiate NFTs from other objects, the originByte team created the NFT standard on Sui.
Sui executes transactions in parallel with more than 130,000 TPS.
A few days ago, a member of the Sui Team posted a message on their Discord server about a performance update.
https://blog.sui.io/sui-performance-update/
However, it remains to be seen whether these performance improvements will persist when the Sui mainnet experiences high transaction volumes. It is worth noting that Solana originally claimed 65,000 TPS, but was interrupted multiple times due to performance reasons and can currently only process about 4,000 transactions.
Sui Mainnet is scheduled to launch on May 3rd, if you want to invest in Sui to make profits, please be patient and have your funds ready at eToro, Kraken or Binance. There is less than a day left until the mainnet goes online.
SummarizeCurrently, many new blockchains are emerging, each with unique characteristics and technologies. The ultimate goal of blockchain technology is to surpass off-chain databases in TPS.
If you have ever traded on Aptos, you will have noticed that the transaction confirmation process is lightning fast. While it's fast, it's still not real-time. Despite their speed, Aptos and Sui's development packages and tools (such as blockchain browsers and wallets) are still relatively underdeveloped, and ETH had similar problems when it first launched on the mainnet.
If you believe that blockchain is the future direction of web technology, AI is just an application on the web!