Today we continue to talk about the project that broke into the top 200, called Origin Trail. It has risen from the lowest 0.2 in September last year to 0.8 now, which is about 4 times. The current market value is 330 million US dollars, and the market value ranking is around 170. It is considered a player in the knowledge graph series in this field. Let’s study this project today.
Introduction
OriginTrail is an ecosystem that builds trusted knowledge infrastructure for artificial intelligence. It aims to solve the disinformation challenge in the AI era by promoting the discoverability of information and ensuring the source of information. OriginTrail is committed to building a sustainable global economy by organizing trusted, AI-ready knowledge assets. It is based on its unique decentralized knowledge graph (DKG), combining multiple blockchains to create value based on network effects. It leverages its unique decentralized knowledge graph and OriginTrail Parachain to provide AI-based search and solutions to businesses and individuals around the world.
DKG enables you to:
- Easily discover, query and integrate knowledge from multiple sources
- Securely share semantic data (knowledge) between systems and decentralized applications
- Monetize APIs and data using exchangeable and non-exchangeable tokens (knowledge tokens)
- Easily build custom verifiable data pipelines
- Integrate with existing SSI and blockchain tools
OriginTrail has the support and partnerships of world-class organizations such as the British Standards Institution, SCAN, Polkadot, Parity, Walmart, World Federation of Hemophilia, Oracle and the European Commission’s Next Generation Internet. These partnerships help drive the growth of OriginTrail's trusted knowledge base in trillion-dollar industries while providing a verifiable knowledge network, particularly in driving the economics of RWAs.
DKG
OriginTrail Decentralized Knowledge Graph (DKG) is a global, open data structure composed of interconnected knowledge assets structured as an RDF-based knowledge graph. It is hosted on the open, permissionless OriginTrail Decentralized Network (ODN), which combines blockchain with knowledge graph technology.
OriginTrail connects to multiple blockchains such as Ethereum, Polkadot (via NeuroWeb), Polygon, Gnosis, and more. It is powered by the TRAC token, which is used to manage relationships between DKG network participants. Running an OriginTrail node also makes you one of the contributors hosting DKG and eligible for TRAC token rewards.
As a developer using OriginTrail DKG, you can create and maintain knowledge assets that can be used in Web3 applications. You can also use standardized technologies such as GS1 EPCIS, RDF/SPARQL, JSON-LD and other W3C and GS1 standards.
Why combine blockchain with knowledge graphs?
Blockchain and knowledge graph are two different types of networks:
- Blockchains are trust networks. They run on decentralized stateful protocols that implement verifiable shared state for applications such as decentralized identity, asset tokenization (NFTs), decentralized finance, trusted multi-party computation, etc.
- Knowledge graph is a semantic network. When Google first came up with the term "knowledge graph," they explained it as "things, not strings." Knowledge graphs connect highly structured, machine-understandable semantic entities into a semantic data network to achieve powerful data functions such as search, reasoning, recommendations, advanced machine learning, etc. Knowledge Graphs inherit the technology stack concept of the Semantic Web (introduced as the “original” Web 3.0 by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the WWW).
These two technologies are brought together in the OriginTrail Decentralized Knowledge Graph to form the specific vision of Semantic Web3 - a user-owned, data-centric, trusted, semantic Web.
system structure
The OriginTrail technology stack is engineered to bring real-world assets to Web3, enabling discoverability, verifiability and connectivity of physical and digital assets in a consistent Web3 data ecosystem.
Two key requirements needed to implement this Web3 infrastructure are the ability to ensure trust through decentralized consensus and leverage semantic, verifiable asset data to represent complex real-world relationships and characteristics (such as ownership, location, business context wait).
These different requirements require the two different types of technologies mentioned above - blockchain and knowledge graphs.
Blockchain is a network of trust designed to enable trusted computing through decentralized consensus, much like trusted computer processors around the world. Knowledge graphs, on the other hand, are semantic data networks. Powering systems such as Google, NASA, Amazon, and more, it is a connected graph data structure best suited for representing complex assets and their relationships in the real world.
The OriginTrail technology stack leverages the full power of blockchain and knowledge graphs by incorporating them into two network layers.
The following sections dive into the two technology layers and their interactions.
We distinguish several sub-layers of the DKG layer (layer 2):
- ODN network layer, consisting of a peer-to-peer network of DKG nodes hosted by individuals and organizations, implementing S/Kademlia.
- ODN data layer, hosting knowledge graph data, distributed in separate instances of the graph database across the network.
- Service layer, which implements various core and extended services, such as authentication, standard interfaces and data pipelines.
- Consensus layer, implementing interfaces with multiple blockchains hosting trusted smart contracts for managing relationships between nodes and implementing trustless protocols (currently supporting Ethereum, xDai blockchain, and OriginTrail NeuroWeb).
- Application layer, including Dapps and traditional applications that consume OriginTrail DKG as part of their data flow.
Blockchain-OriginTrail multi-chain consensus layer
The OriginTrail consensus layer consists of a blockchain that provides the trusted computing required for DKG to operate in a decentralized environment. Currently deployed on Ethereum, Gnosis Chain, Polygon and NeuroWeb, OriginTrail is a multi-chain system capable of integrating all native assets of connected blockchains and conducting transactions through asset graphs and smart contract-based applications such as data markets. Extension.
In the current version of DKG (based on the Ethereum blockchain), the OriginTrail ecosystem is actually "outsourcing" the first layer of functionality. With the addition of OriginTrail NeuroWeb, the blockchain layer is now an integral part of the OriginTrail ecosystem technology stack for the first time. OriginTrail NeuroWeb also introduces a native token, NEURO - a utility asset not only for blockchain gas fees and inclusive governance, but also provides a way to incentivize growth in DKG usage. Together with TRAC, these two tokens form the token economics of the OriginTrail ecosystem, driving network effects and creating value for all network participants. Thus, OriginTrail becomes an ecosystem with two technical components, two network layers, and two utility tokens.
The two layers of OriginTrail technology - the DKG (layer 2) and the consensus layer (layer 1) - can greatly benefit from each other when tightly integrated. By using OriginTrail NeuroWeb as a blockchain custom-built for DKG, the OriginTrail technology stack gains additional functionality and significant improvements in scalability and performance.
Basic concepts in DKG
Knowledge Asset is the product of OriginTrail Decentralized Knowledge Graph (DKG) combining multiple standardized components in the fields of blockchain and knowledge graph. The core primitive of DKG is "Knowledge Asset", which is explained below along with other important components.
What is Knowledge Asset?
Knowledge Asset is a container of valuable information that belongs to you and can describe any physical object, file, abstract concept, number, and string. It exists in a decentralized knowledge graph, making it easy to discover, while protecting the integrity of the information and ownership of the Knowledge Asset through the underlying blockchain.
More precisely, a Knowledge Asset is a Web resource identified by a Uniform Asset Locator (UAL, which is an extension of the traditional URL), including
- Asset graph, which contains knowledge asset data represented in RDF and stored on DKG (not on the blockchain)
- Immutability proof and ownership record: consists of asset graph state proof and ownership record, represented using non-fungible tokens stored on the blockchain.
The asset graph consists of assertions, which represent the status of asset content. Assertions are stored on DKG and have cryptographic fingerprints used for verification. Each assertion can be independently verified for integrity by having the validator recalculate the cryptographic fingerprint and comparing the result of the calculation to the corresponding blockchain fingerprint record.
Technically, an assertion is represented using N-Quads serialization (stored on a DKG ), and uses a cryptographic fingerprint for assertion verification (an N-Quads graph Merkle root, stored immutably on the blockchain).
Knowledge Assets can contain both public and private data - public assertion data is replicated to the OriginTrail Decentralized Network and publicly available, while private assertion data is contained in the private domain of the asset owner (e.g. an OriginTrail Node run by the asset owner, such as an individual or company).
In general, Knowledge Asset is a combination of NFT records and semantic records. Using the dkg.js SDK, you will be able to perform CRUT (Create, Read, Update, Transfer) operations for Knowledge Assets.
State Finality
Similar to a distributed database, OriginTrail Decentralized Knowledge Graph applies replication mechanisms and requires mechanisms to achieve a consistent state of knowledge assets across the network. In OriginTrail DKG, state consistency is coordinated using a blockchain that hosts state proofs of intellectual assets, as well as replicated commit information from DKG nodes. This means that updates to existing knowledge assets are accepted by network nodes (similar to how nodes accept knowledge assets upon creation), and all accepted state operations can be used.
There are three stages of knowledge asset status:
- LATEST: Indicates the status of the Knowledge Asset to be updated, waiting for the submission of the DKG node. Once the commit is received, the status is transferred to LATEST_FINALIZED.
- LATEST_FINALIZED: The status of the latest submission accepted by the network.
- HISTORICAL: Any previously completed state, identifiable by its state hash.
What is RDF?
Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a W3C standardized model designed to represent data about physical objects and abstract concepts (resources). It is a model that expresses relationships between entities in a graphical format.
The RDF schema provides a mechanism for describing related resources and their relationships. It is similar to an object-oriented programming language, but consists in describing properties in the form of resource classes. RDF is queried through the SPARQL query language.
What is UAL?
Universal Asset Locators are DKG's ownable identifiers, similar to URLs in the traditional Web. UAL follows the DID URL specification, which is used to identify and locate specific Knowledge Assets in the OriginTrail Decentralized Knowledge Graph (DKG). UAL consists of 5 parts:
- did (decentralized identifier) predicate
- dkg (decentralized knowledge graph) predicate
- Blockchain identifier (otp:2043 = OriginTrail NeuroWeb Mainnet)
- Blockchain address (such as the address of a smart contract with related assets NFT)
- Contract-specific identifiers, such as the ID of an NFT token
- Query and fragment components
For example, UAL might look like this:
did:dkg:otp:2043/0x5cac41237127f94c2d21dae0b14bfefa99880630/318322
This UAL refers to the decentralized knowledge graph on the mainnet, its blockchain address is 0x5cac41237127f94c2d21dae0b14bfefa99880630, and the token’s ID is 318322.
Token Economy
The token was actually issued in 2018, with a total of 500,000,000 tokens. Currently, 402,324,425 are in circulation, with a circulation rate of 80%. The current price is 0.83 US dollars. The peak was $3.863 (2021-11-02), and the current lowest point is around 0.2, which has quadrupled.
In terms of token distribution, most tokens are given to investors 50%, founders 18%, project development 20%, team consultants 5%, and liquidity 5%. In other words, in addition to 50% given to investors, the remaining 50% It is also held by their team, so there is something wrong with the way the virtue is distributed.
Finally, let me summarize this project. It can be regarded as a project that deeply explores the knowledge graph in the blockchain. However, we know that there are many knowledge graph companies in web2. The concept is indeed very new, but the actual application value is relatively small at present. It can also be regarded as big data. This requires the interoperability of big data in the entire industry. Only when the value of the data is mined can the knowledge graph formed be effective. It requires an industry to accumulate potential energy. It cannot be completed overnight, but it is possible. If you accumulate and accumulate, you will break through in an instant, just like this chatgpt.
Then this project team also started in 2017, and it has been switching to the latest track now. It has just released whitepaper3.0 recently, transforming AI, and it makes sense to switch from knowledge graph to AI, and then often It was revealed that it has cooperated with some B-side companies, etc., so the fundamentals of the project are okay, and the project team has been doing things. It is just that the token distribution is a bit concentrated, but after so many years of reshuffle, it is not bad. As for the tokens The strategy is still in the planet. #内容挖矿