Betty Jennings and Frances Bilas were literally programming ENIAC in 1946 by physically wiring the machine - no keyboards, no compilers, just raw cable routing and switch configuration on massive panels. This is what "programming" meant before software abstraction existed. Every computation required manually reconfiguring hardware paths. These two were among the first programmers in history, doing work that would later inspire the entire concept of stored-program computers. The ENIAC weighed 30 tons and consumed 150kW, but it could execute 5000 additions per second - revolutionary for ballistic calculations at the time. The transition from this physical programming model to von Neumann architecture (where programs live in memory alongside data) fundamentally changed computing forever.