The Hidden Market Behind a Cross-Chain Swap

Most users think about a cross-chain transaction like this:

Asset A → Bridge → Asset B

But resolver-based systems introduce a different architecture.

A user can submit a cross-chain request, resolvers compete to fill it, and the selected resolver participates in settlement using cryptographic conditions enforced through HTLCs.

That creates several layers worth studying:

1. RFQ layer
The user requests an executable quote.

2. Resolver layer
Liquidity providers compete to fulfil the request.

3. Execution layer
The resolver supplies the destination-side asset.

4. Settlement layer
The transaction follows predefined cryptographic conditions.

5. Recovery layer
Timelock mechanisms provide a path for refunds when the intended settlement does not complete.

This is why cross-chain infrastructure deserves more attention than simply asking:

“Which chain does this support?”

A better research question is:

“How does the system coordinate liquidity and settlement across chains?”

That is where much of the actual architecture lives.

STON.fi's current cross-chain implementation uses Omniston for this execution model.

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