monetarypolicy

The Critical Disconnect
The 20th century's most significant monetary development was arguably the severing of formal links between national currencies and physical commodities—the birth of pure fiat money. This transition, completed when President Nixon suspended the U.S. dollar's convertibility to gold in 1971, marked a fundamental philosophical shift. Money was no longer a claim on a tangible asset but a legal construct backed by government decree and collective trust.
This fiat revolution granted central banks unprecedented control over monetary policy. They could now expand money supply to combat recessions, finance government spending more easily, and manipulate interest rates as economic tools. The immediate benefits included greater flexibility to address economic crises and the elimination of external constraints on domestic policy.
The Inflation Trade-Off
However, this new power came with significant trade-offs. Without the natural discipline imposed by gold's scarcity, governments faced constant temptation to finance spending through money creation, leading to persistent inflationary pressures. The 1970s stagflation exposed this vulnerability, as expansionary policies designed to boost employment instead created rampant inflation alongside economic stagnation.
This era saw the rise of new asset classes as inflation hedges. While gold ($XAU ) remained a traditional store of value, other commodities gained prominence. Oil ($CL) transformed into "black gold," a crucial strategic asset whose price movements began dramatically affecting global economies. Agricultural commodities like wheat ($ZW) and corn ($ZC) became not just foodstuffs but financial instruments sensitive to monetary policy.
The Dollar's Dominance
The post-Bretton Woods system evolved into a de facto global dollar standard. Despite being unbacked by gold, the U.S. dollar's dominance in trade, finance, and reserves created extraordinary exorbitant privilege for the United States. Other nations accumulated dollars as reserves, effectively lending to the U.S. at low cost. This system created global imbalances but provided a unified framework for international commerce.
Digital Precursors
The late 20th century also witnessed the digitization of traditional money—electronic bank transfers, credit cards, and digital accounting of fiat currencies. While often mistaken for true digital currency, these systems merely represented claims on traditional bank deposits rather than innovative forms of money. They streamlined the existing system but didn't alter money's fundamental nature as a centralized, debt-based instrument subject to political control and inflationary erosion.
Key Assets of the Fiat Era: $DXY (U.S. Dollar Index), $XAU (Gold), $CL (Crude Oil), $BTC (Bitcoin as digital gold analogue), $TIP (TIPS ETF for inflation protection)


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2026. gadā finanšu tirgi vēro ne tikai procentu likmju līmeni, bet arī potenciālo pārmaiņu ASV monetārajā režīmā. Federālā rezervju sistēma ieiet politiskās un institucionālās spriedzes periodā, kas var ietekmēt likviditātes trajektoriju gadiem ilgi.
Krēsls Jerome Powell pabeidz savu termiņu 2026. gada maijā. Oficiāli viņš varētu palikt Federālajā rezervju padomē līdz 2028. gadam, taču politiskais spiediens ap viņa vadību ir pastiprinājies. Debates centrā ir procentu likmju samazināšanas temps, inflācijas kontrole un pieaugošās izmaksas, kas saistītas ar ASV valdības parāda apkalpošanu.