F’lakaman ’ona mampientam-po eo amin’ny sehatry ny blockchain, ny Midnight Network dia mikendry hamaha olana iray izay tsy dia jerena loatra amin’ny ankamaroan’ny tetikasa fiarovana ny fiainana manokana: ny fomba hiarovana ny angon-drakitra miafina sady manome ny mpandrindra, ny orinasa, ary ny mpampiasa mahazatra fahazavana ampy mba hananany fitokisana amin’izay tena mitranga. Heverin’ny Midnight fa azo ovaina sy azo dinihina ary azo eritreretina ny fiainana manokana, fa tsy toy ny “switch” famonoana na famelomana. Ny heviny fototra momba ny fiainana manokana ara-dalàna (rational privacy) dia manolo ny fiheverana lany andro hoe ny fanafenana ny zava-drehetra no vahaolana, amin’ny fanambarana voafehy sy azo hamarinina. Izany no ahafahana manamarina ny fahamarinan’ny fifampiraharahana, ny fanamarinana maha-izy azy, na ny fanambarana momba ny angona nefa tsy mampiseho tanteraka amin’ny besinimaro ny mombamomba fototra.



Kukhuquka lokhu, @MidnightNetwork ingabonakala kakhudlwana njengengqalasizinda ehloselwe amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuphula ukuthobela imithetho, kunokuba kube yinethiwekhi yezimpahla ezicatshangwayo. Inethiwekhi ibeka phambili ukubonakala okukhethiwe, ukulawulwa okuqinile kwemithetho, nokuhlukaniswa okuhlukile phakathi kwalokho okuyimfihlo nokuthi yini engafakazelwa kunokuba kugxilwe ekudluliseni okungaziwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni lapho abathintekayo beboshelwe yizivumelwano zobumfihlo, imithetho yokuvikela idatha, noma amazinga okuvikeleka kwangaphakathi, kodwa abeluleki badinga ubufakazi bokwenza umsebenzi wokuzilawula ngokucophelela (due diligence). Esikhundleni sokuthi ingeziwe ekugcineni lapho kufakwa khona uhlelo lokusebenza, iMidnight ihlose ukuguqula leyo mingcele ibe yimithetho ehlelekayo (programmable rules) ekhona ngqo ezingeni lephrothokholi nasezingeni le-smart contract.



Indlela lapho i-architecture yeMidnight iphinda ichaze khona umsebenzi wobufakazi bokwazi okungeyona (zero knowledge proofs) nezindlela ezihlobene nayo ingesinye sezici zayo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Lawa mabhuku asetshenziswa kakhulu ukufihla amasaldol (balances) noma ukuhamba kwemisebenzi (transaction flows) kubantu bomphakathi ezinhlelweni eziningi zobumfihlo. Esikhundleni salokho, iMidnight iwabheka njengamathuluzi okuqinisekisa okwenziwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa. Ngaphandle kokudalula idatha yangempela, inkampani ingabonisa ukuthi umsebenzi uyahambisana nomthetho (policy), ukuthi ikhasimende selihlole (background check), noma ukuthi imingcele ethile ifinyelelwe. Lokhu kushintsha umqondo usuke ekugcineni izinto ziyimfihlo nje ngenxa yokuba ziyimfihlo, uye ebuhlangothini bobumfihlo obusazuzisa ozakwethu, abahloli (auditors), nabalawuli abadinga isiqinisekiso sokuthi imithetho iyalandelwa ngempela.



Lobu bumfihlo obuhlelelekayo buyakhanga nakakhulu uma bubhekwa ngokusebenzisa umbono wamakesi okusetshenziswa (industry use cases). Isibonelo, ekubonakaleni kwezazisi (digital identity), izinhlelo ezikhona zivame ukucela abasebenzisi ukuthi badalule inani elikhulu kakhulu lemibhalo noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu ukuze kugcwaliswe ukuhlola okuyisisekelo, njengeminyaka noma indawo yokuhlala. Umhlinzeki wezazisi angase asebenzise iMidnight ukuze anikeze ama-attestation ahlelekile (structured attestations) agcina kuphela imininingwane okudingeka ngokuphelele, kanti okunye kugcinwe ngaphandle (off-chain) noma kubethelwe. Ngaphandle kokuthola ukufinyelela kwesikhathi eside kudokhumenti eziyisisekelo, umuntu othembele (relying party) uthola isiqinisekiso esiqinile se-cryptographic esibonisa ukuthi lezi zimo ziyahlangatshezwa. Le ndlela yehlisa ubungozi bokudalulwa kwedatha, inciphisa amathuba okuhlukumeza, futhi ihambisana kakhulu nemihlahlandlela yesimanje yokuvikela idatha ekhuthaza ukudalulwa okuncane kakhulu.



Ngaphandle kobumfihlo bokukhokha kuphela, izikhungo zezezimali nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo nabo bangazuza kule ndlela. Cabanga ngokugunyazwa kwangaphakathi, izidingo zokubika, nezilawuli zobungozi. Lezi zinqubo zidinga ubufakazi bokuthi izindima ezithile zigunyaze izenzo, ukuthi ukuhlola okuthile sekwenziwe, nokuthi imingcele ayikadlulwanga. IMidnight ivumela ukufaka lezo zimo nobudlelwano kuma-smart contracts akhiqiza ubufakazi obungaqinisekiswa, kunokukhipha amalog angacutshungulwanga (unprocessed logs). Imininingwane yabahlanganyeli (counterparties), amasu, noma imigomo yezohwebo akudingeki isatshalaliswe emhlabeni wonke, kodwa amaqembu angaphakathi, abahloli, noma abaphathi bangakuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo bezilandelwe ngokuvumelana nemihlahlandlela esunguliwe. Kubantu bezinhlangano ezinkulu abafuna ubumfihlo obuqinile ngaphandle kokwakha “ama-black boxes” angabonakali, lolu mehluko oluncane lubalulekile.



Esinye isici sokuklanywa kweMidnight sigqanyiswa izimboni zezempilo nezinye izimboni ezikhiqiza idatha kakhulu. Izindlela zomtholampilo (clinical workflows), amaqoqo ocwaningo (research datasets), nemibhalo yezokwelapha zonke ziqukethe idatha ebucayi kakhulu okufanele ilandele amazinga aqinile okuziphendulela. Imodeli yeMidnight ivikela ukuxilonga, imininingwane yomuntu siqu, noma amarekhodi aphelele kubabukeli abangagunyaziwe, kuyilapho ivumela ubufakazi bokuthi inqubo yenzeka, ukuthi imvume yatholakala, noma ukuthi ukufinyelela kwakugunyazwe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu akukhona nje okokunethezeka; kungasiza izinhlangano ekulandeleni izidingo zomthetho eziphathelene nemvume nokulandeleka (traceability) ngenkathi kwehliswa isilingo sokuthola noma ukwabelana ngenani elikhulu kakhulu ledatha ukuze kudluliswe ama-audits. Iphethini efanayo ingabonakala ezindaweni lapho ubumfihlo nokusobala kufanele kuhlangane, njengokwengamela komphakathi kwezinkampani (corporate governance), izinsiza zomkhakha womphakathi (public sector services), kanye nemigudu yokuhlinzeka (supply chains).



Indlela lapho iMidnight izama khona ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezindima ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza nezomnotho ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi uqobo iyisinye isici esibalulekile esivame ukunganakwa kuzifinyezo ezimfushane. IMidnight isebenzisa ithokheni (native token) yokubusa (governance), ukuphepha, kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi, kuyilapho isebenzisa insiza ehlukile engadluliswa (separate, non-transferable resource) ukukhokhela ukwenza okungasese (private execution) nomsebenzi, kunokuba ivumele insiza eyisisekelo esebenzisa ukubala ukuthi ibe yimali engaziwa edayiswa ngokukhululekile. Esikhundleni sokuba yithuluzi elicatshangwayo (speculative vehicle), ukusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi kuba yinsiza enenkokhelo elinganiselwe (metered service) ngenxa yaleyo nsiza yesibili, ehloselwe ukonakala (deteriorate) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umgomo wale ndlela ukwandisa ukwamukeleka kwesistimu phakathi kwezikhungo nabameli abaqaphelayo ngamathuluzi obumfihlo avumela ukudluliswa kwezimali okungalandelwayo ngqo ezingeni lephrothokholi.



Uma lezo zinqumo zithathwa ngokuhlanganisiwe, iMidnight ibonakala iziveza njengeplatifomu yamabhizinisi alindele ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemigomo eqinile nokuhlolwa, kunokuba ibe indlela yokuphuma emthethweni. Esikhundleni sokweqa kakhulu, ifreyimu yayo yokuzivikela ngokunengqondo (logical privacy framework) ikhuthaza abathintekayo ukuba bacabange ukuthi yini okufanele ngempela ibonakale, kubani, nangaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Esikhundleni sokuba yizingxenye ezisele (afterthoughts) emibhalweni yezomthetho, onjiniyela bangakha izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukufinyelela, ukudalula, nemithetho yokuhlola (auditing rules) kuba yizici ezibalulekile (first-class components) kuma-smart contracts. Abasebenzisi bazuza amarekhodi angafakazelwa futhi avikeleke ekuguqulweni (tamper-resistant), kuyilapho bezizwa beqiniseka ukuthi imininingwane yabo eyimfihlo iphethwa ngokucophelela.



Uma kubhekwa kulolu luhla olukhulu, $NIGHT kumayelana kakhulu nomzamo wokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zendabuko zibe sezingeni elingaphansi komhlaba lapho kudingeka khona isiqinisekiso se-cryptographic kanye nobumfihlo “ngokwakhiwa” (by design), kunokuba kube ukuphendula ngokuphikisana nazo. Uma kuphumelela, kungase kubonise ukuthi amanethiwekhi obumfihlo angasebenza njengengqalasizinda ebalulekile yemisebenzi ehambisana nemithetho (compliant) enemininingwane ebucayi, kunokuba kube khona kuphela emaphethelweni obufaneleko (periphery of legitimacy). Inani elikhulayo labakhi (builders), abenzi bezomthetho (legislators), nezinhlangano babelana ngalo mbono futhi bayabheka ngokuphikelela amathuluzi azobavumela ukuthi baphumeze imithetho ngokucacile nakakhulu, kuyilapho beveza ulwazi olungadingekile kancane, kunokuba bavele bafune ukungaziwa ngokuphelele.

#night