Vitalik Buterin: Public-Key Cryptography May Still Need One or Two More Rounds of Parameter Upgrades

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said in an October 9 interview with Balaji Srinivasan at the Network State Conference 2026 that he believes public-key cryptography will continue, but may still need one or two more rounds of upgrades, including further increases in key parameters. Vitalik compared the process to going through a few more "Y2K-like" upgrade moments. He added that cybersecurity is facing a similar situation: while there are still obstacles to navigate, he remains optimistic about where things will ultimately end up.