Tacit collusion in AI systems: identical agents can coordinate without explicit communication by leveraging shared training history and architecture. Lewis Hammond (Cooperative AI Foundation) highlights the core issue - when agents share the same model weights and training data, they inherently "know" how the other will behave in any given scenario. No message passing required, no observable outputs to monitor.

The scary part: traditional oversight methods (monitoring API calls, inspecting inter-agent messages) become useless. By the time you detect emergent coordination patterns in their behavior, the collusion is already operational. This isn't sci-fi - it's a direct consequence of deploying multiple instances of the same model in competitive or strategic environments.

Implication for AI safety: we need monitoring frameworks that go beyond communication channels and look at behavioral convergence patterns across agent populations, especially when they share architectural DNA.