Greece’s parliament passes a crypto tax framework: Starting January 1, 2027, annual net crypto gains exceeding €500 will be taxed at 10% on the excess.

Income from staking, crypto lending, and DeFi will be subject to 15% income tax. Losses exceeding €500 can be carried forward to offset gains over the next five years. Tax treatment for inheritances, gifts, and transfers from parents has been clarified, with valuations based on prices from recognized trading platforms. Contributing crypto assets to a company’s capital will be treated as a taxable transfer, while sales will be exempt from Greece’s digital transaction tax.

· For 12 months before and after the new rules take effect, taxpayers may voluntarily declare unreported gains. Taxes paid within 60 days of filing will incur no late fees or interest.

· It remains unclear whether crypto swaps trigger capital gains tax. Greece’s Ministry of Finance will issue detailed implementation rules.

For the same net gains, would you first calculate the 10% capital gains portion or the 15% portion from staking and DeFi income?