A quick explainer: What is a Merkle tree, and why do blocks use one?
If any transaction in a block is changed, its hash changes. That change propagates all the way up to the Merkle root, and the block hash changes too.
Proof of reserves for exchanges also uses Merkle trees: the platform publishes the root hash, and each user can use their own Merkle path to verify whether their balance has been included.
The header of every $BTC block records a Merkle root that summarizes all the transactions in that block. Current: 81179.99.
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