What exactly is the “Merkle tree” often mentioned in exchange proof of reserves?
Simplified Payment Verification (SPV), described in Section 8 of the Bitcoin white paper, uses Merkle paths to let lightweight clients verify transactions without downloading entire blocks.
Data in a lightweight wallet comes from the nodes it connects to. For large incoming payments, it’s a good idea to cross-check them using several block explorers.
The header of every $BTC block contains a Merkle root that summarizes all the transactions in that block.
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