J.P. Morgan Asset Management, the investment arm of U.S. banking giant JPMorgan Chase, included Bitcoin in its long-term return forecasts for the first time, projecting a 10% compound annual return over the next 10–15 years, ahead of U.S. large-cap stocks (7.5%), gold (5.5%) and U.S. REITs (8.2%). Its 2027 Long-Term Capital Market Assumptions also estimated Bitcoin's arithmetic annual return at 20.9%, with 55% annualized volatility. Bitwise CIO Matt Hougan said the figures positioned Bitcoin as the highest-returning asset over the next decade.