How exactly is that long string of characters called a transaction hash (TxID) generated?
First, the definition: Common Bitcoin P2PKH and P2WPKH addresses are created by applying SHA-256 to a public key, then RIPEMD-160, resulting in a 160-bit public key hash.
Why does this work? Proof of work is effective because hash results cannot be predicted in advance; finding a hash that meets the difficulty target takes repeated attempts.
At its core, mining $BTC involves repeatedly calculating SHA-256 hashes to find a result that meets the difficulty requirement. Currently: 82886.01.
Understand the principles before getting started, and don't place orders based on gut feeling.