$CELR Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century was a pivotal turning point that fundamentally reshaped human civilization. Before this invention, books were painstakingly copied by hand, making literacy and scientific knowledge an exclusive luxury of the wealthy elite and religious institutions. The press democratized information, sparking an explosion in literacy rates, accelerating the spread of scientific discoveries during the Renaissance, and laying the groundwork for modern news media.
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