📌 Technical Principles | UTXO and Account Models
· Key point: A UTXO can only be spent in its entirety. If the payment amount is less than the UTXO’s value, the excess is returned to the sender’s address as change.
· How it works: In the UTXO model, unrelated transactions can be verified in parallel. Using a new address to receive change also helps protect privacy. The trade-off is that writing complex smart contracts is less convenient.
· Reminder: Receiving funds at the same Bitcoin address repeatedly can expose your transaction history. Many wallets generate a new address by default for each payment received and each change output.
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