Forward P/E ratios now hovering near 18x — right at the 2000-to-present average. The long-term mean sits closer to 15x, but lower rates, cooling inflation, and expanding earnings have pushed multiples higher.

This isn't irrational exuberance territory yet, but it's worth remembering: valuation is a mean-reverting beast. When rates rise or earnings disappoint, that 18x can compress fast. We're not cheap anymore — we're fairly valued at best, stretched if optimism falters.

Historically, buying at 18x forward has delivered mediocre 5-year returns. The math doesn't lie: higher entry multiples = lower future IRRs. If you're deploying capital today, you're paying for perfection. Make sure the companies you own can deliver it.