Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson said Vitalik Buterin is trying to persuade the industry that lattice cryptography is unreliable after spending too much time on hash-based cryptography. He argued that objections to lattice cryptography rely on an analogy to the number field sieve, an intuition about structure, and key expansion factors that lack formula support.

According to Foresight News, Hoskinson said Buterin's post misstated the complexity of GNFS and noted that LLL, BKZ, and sieve methods have already been included in security parameter assessments for ML-KEM and ML-DSA. He added that quantum attacks on ideal lattices have not affected those two module-lattice schemes.

Hoskinson also said hash functions contain mathematical structures that can be studied and attacked, citing Poseidon as an example because it uses low-degree polynomial mappings. He said multiplying keys by 10 has no complexity formula behind it, arguing that constant-factor improvements require proportional changes in dimension rather than a fixed multiplier.

He added that excessive criticism of deployed hybrid ML-KEM schemes could slow the migration to post-quantum cryptography at a time when so-called harvest-now, decrypt-later threats are drawing more attention. Hoskinson said this could leave more communications data exposed to future decryption by quantum computers. He also said hash-based signature schemes have practical value, but are unlikely to replace the common functions of elliptic curve cryptography.