The four common phases of a market cycle: doldrums and accumulation, rising sentiment, frenzied acceleration, and the tide going out and deleveraging.

The key of cycle education is not to guess the top, but to identify emotions: when nobody is talking about it, the risk may already be released; when everyone is shouting “this time is different,” you should actually rein in greed. In a bull market, make money by following the trend; in a bear market, survive by sticking to discipline.