Big issue

Over the past few days, in developed countries around the world—US, Japan, France, Germany, and the UK—the long-end yields on government bonds have surged dramatically. For example, today, the yield on the 30-year US Treasury climbed to the highest level in nearly two decades during the overnight session, reaching 5.304%.

Some friends have asked what this means.

Interest rates—more precisely, real interest rates—are the most important guiding macroeconomic indicators. The rise in global long-end rates can indicate two things:

1. The market is voting with its feet: In early August, the size of US Treasury holdings first exceeded $40 trillion, as investors have become alert to concerns about the sustainability of US debt and the pressure from interest payments;

2. Investors are starting to bet that future inflation will be hard to bring down. The market needs to use high interest rates to suppress high inflation.