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竹竹YZZ
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Many people who watch the second-level finality SA of $DUSK have the first reaction of checking just how fast the consensus algorithm can be. But after ZhuZhu dismantled the network layer, they instead felt that what really bottlenecks speed isn’t the consensus itself—it’s whether block messages can spread across the entire network within an extremely short time. If propagation takes 5 seconds, even a faster consensus algorithm is only voting on an outdated state.
Kadcast exists to solve this problem. It doesn’t follow the route of traditional gossip, where a node randomly forwards a received message to its neighbors. Instead, it leverages the structured topology of the Kademlia DHT, so that each node forms clear routing relationships based on XOR distance. In simple terms, gossip is like shouting in a big mall—everyone hears it, but many voices are duplicates. Kadcast is more like having a prepared directory and sending things out along the shortest paths.
The difference shows up very clearly in real-world effects. Kadcast breaks broadcasting into structured forwarding with explicit delegated ranges at each layer, reducing the probability that the same block is transmitted repeatedly. Message collisions and bandwidth waste are also reduced. The whitepaper mentions bandwidth savings of 25–50% and stale block reduction of 10–30%. Behind those numbers is essentially the same idea: the network layer no longer relies on a large amount of redundant forwarding to achieve coverage. Instead, it uses structured routing to improve propagation efficiency.
Structured routing also carries risks. The clearer the path, the easier it is for an observer to use it to trace the message source. Kadcast addresses this by adding signed messages and source address obfuscation: signatures ensure the message hasn’t been tampered with, and source authenticity can be verified. Source address obfuscation makes it difficult for external observers to directly map a single message to a specific node. In addition, k-buckets favor keeping stable nodes, so a large influx of fake nodes in a short time is less likely to displace existing routing state—providing another line of defense against Sybil attacks.
ZhuZhu feels that Kadcast isn’t just a network protocol that “transmits fast.” It’s more like a prerequisite condition for SA to be deployable. #dusk To achieve second-level finality in scenarios like tokenization of securities, you can’t just speed up the consensus layer—you must also get block propagation, routing efficiency, redundancy resistance, and security measures all working together. The network layer isn’t a supporting character; it determines the upper limit of finality speed.
ZhuZhu invites everyone to guess @Dusk ’s second-level finality—why is it the network layer that matters?
Kadcast exists to solve this problem. It doesn’t follow the route of traditional gossip, where a node randomly forwards a received message to its neighbors. Instead, it leverages the structured topology of the Kademlia DHT, so that each node forms clear routing relationships based on XOR distance. In simple terms, gossip is like shouting in a big mall—everyone hears it, but many voices are duplicates. Kadcast is more like having a prepared directory and sending things out along the shortest paths.
The difference shows up very clearly in real-world effects. Kadcast breaks broadcasting into structured forwarding with explicit delegated ranges at each layer, reducing the probability that the same block is transmitted repeatedly. Message collisions and bandwidth waste are also reduced. The whitepaper mentions bandwidth savings of 25–50% and stale block reduction of 10–30%. Behind those numbers is essentially the same idea: the network layer no longer relies on a large amount of redundant forwarding to achieve coverage. Instead, it uses structured routing to improve propagation efficiency.
Structured routing also carries risks. The clearer the path, the easier it is for an observer to use it to trace the message source. Kadcast addresses this by adding signed messages and source address obfuscation: signatures ensure the message hasn’t been tampered with, and source authenticity can be verified. Source address obfuscation makes it difficult for external observers to directly map a single message to a specific node. In addition, k-buckets favor keeping stable nodes, so a large influx of fake nodes in a short time is less likely to displace existing routing state—providing another line of defense against Sybil attacks.
ZhuZhu feels that Kadcast isn’t just a network protocol that “transmits fast.” It’s more like a prerequisite condition for SA to be deployable. #dusk To achieve second-level finality in scenarios like tokenization of securities, you can’t just speed up the consensus layer—you must also get block propagation, routing efficiency, redundancy resistance, and security measures all working together. The network layer isn’t a supporting character; it determines the upper limit of finality speed.
ZhuZhu invites everyone to guess @Dusk ’s second-level finality—why is it the network layer that matters?
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