Reporting cryptocurrencies in Brazil involves two main obligations: the annual Income Tax (IRPF) declaration on the Assets and Rights schedule, and for transactions exceeding certain thresholds, monthly tax payment via DARF and monthly reporting of movements to the Federal Revenue Service.
1. Annual Declaration (IRPF)
You must declare your crypto assets in the Individual Income Tax Return (DIRPF) if:
The total acquisition value of your crypto assets is equal to or greater than BRL 5,000 on December 31 of the calendar year (for example, on 12/31/2024, for the 2025 tax return).
You may fall under any other general rule requiring submission of the DIRPF (such as taxable income above a certain threshold).
How to declare:
In the "Assets and Rights" section, select Group 08 - Cryptoassets.
Choose the code corresponding to the asset type (e.g., 01 for Bitcoin, 02 for Ethereum, 03 for other altcoins, 10 for NFTs, etc.).
In the "Description" field, provide details such as the type and quantity of the asset, the name and CNPJ of the exchange (brokerage) where they are custodied, or whether custody is self-managed (physical/digital wallet), and the acquisition value (average cost in reais).
Enter the acquisition value in reais on the date of purchase.
2. Tax Calculation and Payment (DARF)
The tax on profit (capital gain) from selling cryptoassets is not paid in the annual declaration, but monthly, if applicable.
Exemption: Capital gains from selling cryptoassets are exempt from tax if the total value of sales (alienations) of all your cryptoassets in a month is below R$ 35,000.
Taxation: If the total sales value in a month exceeds R$ 35,000, the profit (capital gain) is subject to taxation.
Payment: The tax must be calculated using the Federal Revenue's Capital Gains Program (GCAP) and paid via a Federal Revenue Collection Document (DARF) with revenue code 4600, by the last business day of the month following the sale.
Tax rates range from 15% to 22.5%, depending on the profit amount:
15% on the portion of gains not exceeding R$ 5 million.
Progressive rates for higher values.
3. Monthly Reporting of Operations (IN 1888 and DeCripto)
The Federal Revenue has knowledge of transactions carried out on Brazilian exchanges (brokerages), as they are required to automatically report their clients' movements through Instruction Normative (IN) 1.888.
For transactions conducted on foreign exchanges or direct peer-to-peer (P2P) trades, the individual investor is responsible for reporting monthly movements if the total value of operations (purchase, sale, exchange, etc.) exceeds R$ 30,000 in a month, using the Monthly Collection system on the e-CAC Portal of the Federal Revenue.
New rules (Declaration of Cryptoasset Operations - DeCripto, IN 2291/2025) are being implemented to align Brazil with OECD international standards, which will increase the level of detail required in the future.
It is essential to maintain detailed records of all transactions (date, value, quantity, acquisition cost, exchanges used) to ensure compliance with the Federal Revenue and avoid fines.
