"Modification of the Pledge Agreement: Improve Decentralization and Reduce Consensus Overhead" (Author: Vitalik) Most of the current mainstream pledge protocols adopt a two-tier architecture model (two-tiered), that is, two types of participants: node operators and ETH entrusted pledges Users (Delegators). This model will lead to the centralization of node operators and unnecessary burden on the consensus layer. The article describes potential solutions and considerations,