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What Is Proof of Stake (PoS)?
Proof of Stake is a popular alternative consensus mechanism to Proof of Work. Instead of needing computing power to validate transactions, validators must stake coins. This fact drastically reduces the energy consumption needed. Proof of Stake can also improve decentralization, security, and scalability.
However, a 51% attack can be relatively easy to achieve with low market cap blockchains. As Proof of Stake is highly versatile, it has a wide range of variations for different blockchains and use cases.
Introduction
Proof of Stake is by far the most popular choice for blockchain networks today. But with so many variations, it can be tricky to understand its core concepts. Nowadays, you're unlikely to see it in its original form. Nevertheless, all kinds of Proof of Stake share the same key core concepts. Understanding these similarities will help you make better choices about the blockchains you use and how they operate.
What does Proof of Stake mean?
The Proof of Stake consensus algorithm was introduced back in 2011 on the Bitcointalk forum. It was proposed as a solution to Proof of Work's problems. While they both share the same goal of reaching blockchain consensus, the process they take is quite different. Rather than need to provide a computationally intensive proof, participants only prove they have staked coins.
How Does Proof of Stake Work?
The Proof Of Stake algorithm uses a pseudo-random election process to select validators from a group of nodes. The system uses a combination of factors, including staking age, an element of randomization, and the node's wealth.
In Proof of Stake systems, blocks are 'forged' rather than mined. However, you still might hear the term 'mined' occasionally used. Most Proof of Stake cryptocurrencies launch with a supply of 'pre-forged' coins to allow nodes to start immediately.
Users participating in the forging process must lock a certain amount of coins into the network as their stake. The stakes' size determines the chances for a node to be selected as the next validator - the bigger the stake, the larger the chances. Unique methods are added into the selection process to favor not just the wealthiest nodes in the network. The two most commonly used methods are Randomized Block Selection and Coin Age Selection.
Randomized Block Selection
In the Randomized Block Selection method, the validators are selected by looking for nodes with a combination of the lowest hash value and the highest stake. Since the sizes of stakes are public, the next forger can usually be predicted by other nodes.
Coin Age Selection
The Coin Age Selection method chooses nodes based on how long their tokens have been staked. Coin age is calculated by multiplying the number of days the coins have been staked by the number of coins staked.
Once a node has forged a block, its coin age is reset to zero, and it must wait a certain period to be able to forge another block - this prevents large stake nodes from dominating the blockchain.
Validating transactions
Each cryptocurrency using a Proof of Stake algorithm has its own set of rules and methods combined for what it thinks is the best possible combination for the network and its users.
When a node gets chosen to forge the next block, it will check if the transactions in the block are valid. It then signs the block and adds it to the blockchain. As a reward, the node receives the transaction fees from the block and, on some blockchains, a coin reward.
If a node wants to stop being a forger, its stake and earned rewards will be released after a certain period, giving the network time to verify that there are no fraudulent blocks added to the blockchain by the node.
Which blockchains use Proof of Stake?
Most blockchains post-Ethereum use Proof of Stake consensus mechanisms. Typically, each one is modified to suit the needs of the network. We'll cover these variations later on in the article. Ethereum itself is currently in the process of moving to Proof of Stake with Ethereum 2.0.
Blockchain networks that use Proof of Stake or a form of it include:
1. BNB Chain
2. BNB Smart Chain
3. Solana
4. Avalanche
5. Polkadot
Advantages of Proof of Stake
Proof of Stake has many clear advantages over Proof of Work. For this reason, new blockchains almost always use Proof of Stake. Its benefits include:
Adaptability
As users' needs and blockchains change, so can Proof of Stake. It's plain to see this with the vast number of adaptations available. The mechanism is versatile and can easily fit most blockchain use cases.
Decentralization
More users are encouraged to run nodes since it's more affordable. This incentive and the randomization process also make the network more decentralized. Although staking pools exist, there is a much higher chance for an individual to forge a block under Proof of Stake successfully. Overall, this reduces the need for staking pools.
Energy efficiency
Proof of Stake is incredibly energy efficient compared to Proof of Work. The cost of participating relies on the economic cost of staking coins rather than the computational cost of solving puzzles. This mechanism leads to a significant reduction in the energy required to run the consensus mechanism.
Scalability
As Proof of Stake doesn't rely on physical machines to generate consensus, it's more scalable. There's no need for huge mining farms or sourcing large energy supplies. Adding more validators to the network is cheaper, simpler, and more accessible.
Security
Staking works as a financial motivator for the validator not to process fraudulent transactions. If the network detects a fraudulent transaction, the validator will lose a part of its stake and its right to participate in the future. So as long as the stake is higher than the reward, the validator would lose more coins than it would gain with fraudulent activity.
To effectively control the network and approve fraudulent transactions, a node would have to own a majority stake in the network, also known as the 51% attack. Depending on the value of a cryptocurrency, it can be almost impossible to gain control of the network, as you would need to acquire 51% of the circulating supply.
Disadvantages of Proof of Stake
Although Proof of Stake has many advantages compared to Proof of Work, it still has some weaknesses:
Forking
With a standard Proof of Stake mechanism, there's no disincentive for mining both sides of a fork. Under Proof of Work, mining both sides will lead to a waste of energy. With Proof of Stake, the cost is much less, meaning that people can "bet" on both sides of a fork.
Accessibility
To begin staking, you'll need a blockchain's native token supply. This requires you to purchase the token via an exchange or other method. Depending on the amount required, you may need a significant investment to begin staking effectively.
With Proof of Work, you can buy cheap mining equipment or even rent it. With this, you can join a pool and start validating and earning quickly.
51% attack
While Proof of Work is also prone to 51% attacks, they can be significantly easier with Proof of Stake. If a token's price crashes or the blockchain has a low market capitalization, it can be theoretically cheap to purchase more than 50% of the tokens and control the network.
Other consensus mechanisms that build on Proof of Stake
Proof of Stake is highly adaptable. Developers can change the exact mechanism to suit a blockchain's specific use cases. Below are some of the most commonly seen
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Delegated Proof of Stake allows users to stake coins without becoming a validator. In this case, they stake them behind a validator to share in the block rewards. The more delegators stake behind a possible validator, the greater its selection chance. Validators can usually change the amount shared with delegators as an incentive. A validator's reputation is also an important factor for delegators.
Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS)
Nominated Proof of Stake is a consensus model developed by Polkadot. It has many similarities with Delegated Proof of Stake, but one key difference. If a nominator (delegator) stakes behind a malicious validator, they can also lose their stake.
Nominators can choose up to 16 validators to stake behind. The network will then equally distribute their stake behind the chosen validators. Polkadot also uses several approaches in game theory and election theory to determine who will forge a new block.
Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA)
BNB Smart Chain uses Proof of Staked Authority to generate network consensus. This consensus mechanism combines Proof of Authority and Proof of Stake, letting validators take turns to forge blocks. A group of 21 active validators is eligible to take part, selected by the amount of BNB they stake or have delegated behind them. This set is determined daily, and BNB Chain stores the selection.
Conclusion
The way we add blocks of transactions to a network has changed significantly since Bitcoin. We now no longer need to rely on computing power to generate crypto consensus. The Proof of Stake system has many advantages, and history has shown that Proof of Stake works. As time goes on it, it looks like Bitcoin will be only one of a handful of Proof of Work networks left. For now, it seems that Proof of Stake is here to stay.
$BTC
$ETH
#PoS
However, a 51% attack can be relatively easy to achieve with low market cap blockchains. As Proof of Stake is highly versatile, it has a wide range of variations for different blockchains and use cases.
Introduction
Proof of Stake is by far the most popular choice for blockchain networks today. But with so many variations, it can be tricky to understand its core concepts. Nowadays, you're unlikely to see it in its original form. Nevertheless, all kinds of Proof of Stake share the same key core concepts. Understanding these similarities will help you make better choices about the blockchains you use and how they operate.
What does Proof of Stake mean?
The Proof of Stake consensus algorithm was introduced back in 2011 on the Bitcointalk forum. It was proposed as a solution to Proof of Work's problems. While they both share the same goal of reaching blockchain consensus, the process they take is quite different. Rather than need to provide a computationally intensive proof, participants only prove they have staked coins.
How Does Proof of Stake Work?
The Proof Of Stake algorithm uses a pseudo-random election process to select validators from a group of nodes. The system uses a combination of factors, including staking age, an element of randomization, and the node's wealth.
In Proof of Stake systems, blocks are 'forged' rather than mined. However, you still might hear the term 'mined' occasionally used. Most Proof of Stake cryptocurrencies launch with a supply of 'pre-forged' coins to allow nodes to start immediately.
Users participating in the forging process must lock a certain amount of coins into the network as their stake. The stakes' size determines the chances for a node to be selected as the next validator - the bigger the stake, the larger the chances. Unique methods are added into the selection process to favor not just the wealthiest nodes in the network. The two most commonly used methods are Randomized Block Selection and Coin Age Selection.
Randomized Block Selection
In the Randomized Block Selection method, the validators are selected by looking for nodes with a combination of the lowest hash value and the highest stake. Since the sizes of stakes are public, the next forger can usually be predicted by other nodes.
Coin Age Selection
The Coin Age Selection method chooses nodes based on how long their tokens have been staked. Coin age is calculated by multiplying the number of days the coins have been staked by the number of coins staked.
Once a node has forged a block, its coin age is reset to zero, and it must wait a certain period to be able to forge another block - this prevents large stake nodes from dominating the blockchain.
Validating transactions
Each cryptocurrency using a Proof of Stake algorithm has its own set of rules and methods combined for what it thinks is the best possible combination for the network and its users.
When a node gets chosen to forge the next block, it will check if the transactions in the block are valid. It then signs the block and adds it to the blockchain. As a reward, the node receives the transaction fees from the block and, on some blockchains, a coin reward.
If a node wants to stop being a forger, its stake and earned rewards will be released after a certain period, giving the network time to verify that there are no fraudulent blocks added to the blockchain by the node.
Which blockchains use Proof of Stake?
Most blockchains post-Ethereum use Proof of Stake consensus mechanisms. Typically, each one is modified to suit the needs of the network. We'll cover these variations later on in the article. Ethereum itself is currently in the process of moving to Proof of Stake with Ethereum 2.0.
Blockchain networks that use Proof of Stake or a form of it include:
1. BNB Chain
2. BNB Smart Chain
3. Solana
4. Avalanche
5. Polkadot
Advantages of Proof of Stake
Proof of Stake has many clear advantages over Proof of Work. For this reason, new blockchains almost always use Proof of Stake. Its benefits include:
Adaptability
As users' needs and blockchains change, so can Proof of Stake. It's plain to see this with the vast number of adaptations available. The mechanism is versatile and can easily fit most blockchain use cases.
Decentralization
More users are encouraged to run nodes since it's more affordable. This incentive and the randomization process also make the network more decentralized. Although staking pools exist, there is a much higher chance for an individual to forge a block under Proof of Stake successfully. Overall, this reduces the need for staking pools.
Energy efficiency
Proof of Stake is incredibly energy efficient compared to Proof of Work. The cost of participating relies on the economic cost of staking coins rather than the computational cost of solving puzzles. This mechanism leads to a significant reduction in the energy required to run the consensus mechanism.
Scalability
As Proof of Stake doesn't rely on physical machines to generate consensus, it's more scalable. There's no need for huge mining farms or sourcing large energy supplies. Adding more validators to the network is cheaper, simpler, and more accessible.
Security
Staking works as a financial motivator for the validator not to process fraudulent transactions. If the network detects a fraudulent transaction, the validator will lose a part of its stake and its right to participate in the future. So as long as the stake is higher than the reward, the validator would lose more coins than it would gain with fraudulent activity.
To effectively control the network and approve fraudulent transactions, a node would have to own a majority stake in the network, also known as the 51% attack. Depending on the value of a cryptocurrency, it can be almost impossible to gain control of the network, as you would need to acquire 51% of the circulating supply.
Disadvantages of Proof of Stake
Although Proof of Stake has many advantages compared to Proof of Work, it still has some weaknesses:
Forking
With a standard Proof of Stake mechanism, there's no disincentive for mining both sides of a fork. Under Proof of Work, mining both sides will lead to a waste of energy. With Proof of Stake, the cost is much less, meaning that people can "bet" on both sides of a fork.
Accessibility
To begin staking, you'll need a blockchain's native token supply. This requires you to purchase the token via an exchange or other method. Depending on the amount required, you may need a significant investment to begin staking effectively.
With Proof of Work, you can buy cheap mining equipment or even rent it. With this, you can join a pool and start validating and earning quickly.
51% attack
While Proof of Work is also prone to 51% attacks, they can be significantly easier with Proof of Stake. If a token's price crashes or the blockchain has a low market capitalization, it can be theoretically cheap to purchase more than 50% of the tokens and control the network.
Other consensus mechanisms that build on Proof of Stake
Proof of Stake is highly adaptable. Developers can change the exact mechanism to suit a blockchain's specific use cases. Below are some of the most commonly seen
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
Delegated Proof of Stake allows users to stake coins without becoming a validator. In this case, they stake them behind a validator to share in the block rewards. The more delegators stake behind a possible validator, the greater its selection chance. Validators can usually change the amount shared with delegators as an incentive. A validator's reputation is also an important factor for delegators.
Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS)
Nominated Proof of Stake is a consensus model developed by Polkadot. It has many similarities with Delegated Proof of Stake, but one key difference. If a nominator (delegator) stakes behind a malicious validator, they can also lose their stake.
Nominators can choose up to 16 validators to stake behind. The network will then equally distribute their stake behind the chosen validators. Polkadot also uses several approaches in game theory and election theory to determine who will forge a new block.
Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA)
BNB Smart Chain uses Proof of Staked Authority to generate network consensus. This consensus mechanism combines Proof of Authority and Proof of Stake, letting validators take turns to forge blocks. A group of 21 active validators is eligible to take part, selected by the amount of BNB they stake or have delegated behind them. This set is determined daily, and BNB Chain stores the selection.
Conclusion
The way we add blocks of transactions to a network has changed significantly since Bitcoin. We now no longer need to rely on computing power to generate crypto consensus. The Proof of Stake system has many advantages, and history has shown that Proof of Stake works. As time goes on it, it looks like Bitcoin will be only one of a handful of Proof of Work networks left. For now, it seems that Proof of Stake is here to stay.
$BTC
$ETH
#PoS
$ASTER
Engaging & Closing (Late Night)
Post 13: Crypto Quiz Question
Caption: Question: What is the fundamental difference between Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS)? Whoever gives the correct answer will receive a shoutout from me!
Hashtags: #CryptoQuiz #Blockchain #PoW #PoS
Engaging & Closing (Late Night)
Post 13: Crypto Quiz Question
Caption: Question: What is the fundamental difference between Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS)? Whoever gives the correct answer will receive a shoutout from me!
Hashtags: #CryptoQuiz #Blockchain #PoW #PoS
#Decred is a community self-directed #数字货币 , aiming to become a value storage medium that can be passed down through generations. DCR is a type that simultaneously has proof of work (#PoW ) and proof of stake (#PoS ) #混合区块链 . 60% of the block rewards belong to PoW miners, 30% of the block rewards belong to PoS ticket holders, and the remaining 10% of #区块奖励 is used to provide for the team #资金 .
$DCR adopts some design elements of Bitcoin, such as a total supply of 21 million. However, its block time is only 5 minutes (Bitcoin's block time is 10 minutes), its difficulty is adjusted every 12 hours (144 blocks), and its block reward decreases by 1% every 21 days, which is slower compared to Bitcoin's halving every 4 years.
Decred holders bind their DCR shares to tickets, indicating the pledged stake of DCR. In addition to participating in governance, these tickets also allow users to participate in block confirmation and earn part of the staking rewards.
Decred has a proposal system - #Politeia , through which Decred ticket holders can participate in managing project assets.
The bottom continues to rise, with a contraction in volume testing the support level, observing whether the previous high is broken. If the volume continues to decrease, there is hope for the start of a new wave of market trends! 币安邀请您加入web3
$DCR adopts some design elements of Bitcoin, such as a total supply of 21 million. However, its block time is only 5 minutes (Bitcoin's block time is 10 minutes), its difficulty is adjusted every 12 hours (144 blocks), and its block reward decreases by 1% every 21 days, which is slower compared to Bitcoin's halving every 4 years.
Decred holders bind their DCR shares to tickets, indicating the pledged stake of DCR. In addition to participating in governance, these tickets also allow users to participate in block confirmation and earn part of the staking rewards.
Decred has a proposal system - #Politeia , through which Decred ticket holders can participate in managing project assets.
The bottom continues to rise, with a contraction in volume testing the support level, observing whether the previous high is broken. If the volume continues to decrease, there is hope for the start of a new wave of market trends! 币安邀请您加入web3
"Is Staking Not a Security?" – The crypto community is collectively pressuring the SEC to clarify the rules
A coalition of leading crypto companies, led by the Crypto Council for Innovation and the member organization Proof of Stake Alliance (POSA), has officially sent an open letter to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), requesting the SEC to clarify that staking activities are not a form of investment securities.
Why is staking seen as a 'gray area'?
Staking is a core activity in blockchains that use the Proof of Stake mechanism (
Why is staking seen as a 'gray area'?
Staking is a core activity in blockchains that use the Proof of Stake mechanism (
#BinanceTurns8 ! Happy birthday, Binance! Eight years have passed and the platform remains one of the leading ones in the world of cryptocurrencies. With its game Crypto WOLD, Binance has demonstrated its ability to innovate and attract the crypto community. The game, which consists of guessing words related to blockchain and cryptocurrencies, has received a great response. The distribution of rewards and the focus on the community are key aspects of its success. What’s next for Binance? Probably more innovations and opportunities for users to explore the world of cryptocurrencies.
#NFT #DAO #POS #BTCBreaksATH
#NFT #DAO #POS #BTCBreaksATH
⚠️ Ethereum PoS Network Faces Fluctuations!
Validators reported delays, minor reorgs, and occasional drops in finality. 🔁⏳
While the $ETH network stays secure, the fluctuations are a reminder: decentralization is powerful, but not always perfect. 🔍
🧠 Devs are on it. Upgrades and optimizations are underway.
Are you prepared for the volatility?
#Ethereum #ETH #Web3 #Pos #CryptoUpdate
Validators reported delays, minor reorgs, and occasional drops in finality. 🔁⏳
While the $ETH network stays secure, the fluctuations are a reminder: decentralization is powerful, but not always perfect. 🔍
🧠 Devs are on it. Upgrades and optimizations are underway.
Are you prepared for the volatility?
#Ethereum #ETH #Web3 #Pos #CryptoUpdate
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Ethereum: The Path to a Decentralized Future
Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, has long outgrown the framework of a simple alternative to Bitcoin. It is a whole ecosystem, a platform for creating decentralized applications (dApps), smart contracts, and, of course, DeFi (decentralized finance).
More than just money:
More than just money:
#Blockchain technology rests on several core principles:
Decentralization: This is arguably the most crucial principle. Instead of relying on a central authority (like a bank or government) to manage and verify transactions, a blockchain distributes this responsibility across a vast network of computers (nodes).
Immutability: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain and added to a "block," it's virtually impossible to alter or delete it. Each block is cryptographically linked to the previous one, creating a chain of blocks. Changing one block would require altering all subsequent blocks, which is computationally infeasible due to the network's size and cryptographic security.
Transparency (with Pseudonymity): All transactions are recorded on the public ledger, making the blockchain transparent.
Security through Cryptography: Cryptographic techniques secure the blockchain in several ways:
Hashing: Each block is assigned a unique cryptographic hash – a digital fingerprint. Any change to the block's data alters its hash, instantly revealing tampering attempts.
Digital Signatures: These ensure the authenticity of transactions.
Consensus Mechanisms: These are algorithms that ensure agreement among nodes on the valid state of the blockchain. Popular consensus mechanisms include Proof-of-Work (#POW ) and Proof-of-Stake (#Pos $BTC ).
Distributed Ledger: The blockchain is a shared, distributed ledger replicated across numerous nodes. This redundancy ensures data availability and prevents a single point of failure. If one node fails, the others continue to maintain the blockchain's integrity.
In short #blockchain combines these principles to create a secure, transparent, and decentralized system for recording and verifying transactions, suitable for managing various types of data beyond just cryptocurrencies. It's important to remember that different blockchain implementations may emphasize certain principles more than others.
Decentralization: This is arguably the most crucial principle. Instead of relying on a central authority (like a bank or government) to manage and verify transactions, a blockchain distributes this responsibility across a vast network of computers (nodes).
Immutability: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain and added to a "block," it's virtually impossible to alter or delete it. Each block is cryptographically linked to the previous one, creating a chain of blocks. Changing one block would require altering all subsequent blocks, which is computationally infeasible due to the network's size and cryptographic security.
Transparency (with Pseudonymity): All transactions are recorded on the public ledger, making the blockchain transparent.
Security through Cryptography: Cryptographic techniques secure the blockchain in several ways:
Hashing: Each block is assigned a unique cryptographic hash – a digital fingerprint. Any change to the block's data alters its hash, instantly revealing tampering attempts.
Digital Signatures: These ensure the authenticity of transactions.
Consensus Mechanisms: These are algorithms that ensure agreement among nodes on the valid state of the blockchain. Popular consensus mechanisms include Proof-of-Work (#POW ) and Proof-of-Stake (#Pos $BTC ).
Distributed Ledger: The blockchain is a shared, distributed ledger replicated across numerous nodes. This redundancy ensures data availability and prevents a single point of failure. If one node fails, the others continue to maintain the blockchain's integrity.
In short #blockchain combines these principles to create a secure, transparent, and decentralized system for recording and verifying transactions, suitable for managing various types of data beyond just cryptocurrencies. It's important to remember that different blockchain implementations may emphasize certain principles more than others.
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ETH
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Why BTC Shouldn't Lie in a Cold Wallet? BounceBit Creates a New Way to 'Earn Interest with Bitcoin'!
There are too many ways in the market that rely solely on coin prices for profit, but BounceBit allows Bitcoin to 'work for money' without changing Bitcoin itself, making it generate yields.
Key Highlights:
#CeDeFi Infrastructure: Combining CeFi (such as static financial yields) with DeFi (decentralized yields), like mixing two flavors of ice cream, both safe and delicious.
Dual-Token #PoS Layer-1: Using BTC along with $BB for staking, equivalent to two layers of protection, like buying insurance with bonuses.
Liquidity Custody Tokens (LCTs): Assets are still custodied in CeFi, but the LCT you receive can be used for DeFi investments, essentially a secondary creation of assets.
Young People's Perspective: Everyone talks about trading coins, but saving coins can also earn interest, isn't that appealing? Wouldn't you want $BTC to do more than just 'sit still'?
#BounceBitPrime | $BB | @BounceBit
There are too many ways in the market that rely solely on coin prices for profit, but BounceBit allows Bitcoin to 'work for money' without changing Bitcoin itself, making it generate yields.
Key Highlights:
#CeDeFi Infrastructure: Combining CeFi (such as static financial yields) with DeFi (decentralized yields), like mixing two flavors of ice cream, both safe and delicious.
Dual-Token #PoS Layer-1: Using BTC along with $BB for staking, equivalent to two layers of protection, like buying insurance with bonuses.
Liquidity Custody Tokens (LCTs): Assets are still custodied in CeFi, but the LCT you receive can be used for DeFi investments, essentially a secondary creation of assets.
Young People's Perspective: Everyone talks about trading coins, but saving coins can also earn interest, isn't that appealing? Wouldn't you want $BTC to do more than just 'sit still'?
#BounceBitPrime | $BB | @BounceBit
[One web3 concept every day] Quickly understand POS
The flaw of POW is that everyone consumes a lot of energy, so it has been criticized by many people. If you want to achieve universal trust (a coined word, universal trust), there are also some other algorithms that can achieve it. One of them is POS.
POS (Proof of Stake), also called proof of equity. What are rights and interests? It is the assets owned by users in the blockchain system. So what is proof of stake? It is easy to understand by taking an example from "Fengshen". Nodes pledge their rights and interests to the chain as "protons" and become "verifiers". When a block is to be produced, the system will randomly select a verifier to package the transaction. If this verifier is a "traitor" and has malicious behavior , then the system will confiscate his "protons" as punishment.
Although the mechanism is different from that of POW, the principles are the same. They all assume that there are traitors in the blockchain system, and that traitors will pay huge costs for doing evil. POW chooses to let participants answer questions, which requires a lot of computing resources and is extremely costly to control the network. POS, on the other hand, chooses to let all participants take hostages. If the traitor does evil, then his hostages will be killed.
In many PoS systems, a participant's chance of becoming a validator is directly proportional to the "stake" he holds. This means that validators who stake more assets have a higher chance of being selected as the creator of the next block. At the same time, validators are rewarded for their verification work, perhaps in the form of newly issued currency or network transaction fees.
Finally, in some POS mechanisms, the rights and interests are not only tokens, but also the time of holding the currency, reputation, points, etc., which can be counted as rights and interests. Therefore, broadly speaking, POS does not necessarily require pledging tokens.
#pos #pow #MAV
The flaw of POW is that everyone consumes a lot of energy, so it has been criticized by many people. If you want to achieve universal trust (a coined word, universal trust), there are also some other algorithms that can achieve it. One of them is POS.
POS (Proof of Stake), also called proof of equity. What are rights and interests? It is the assets owned by users in the blockchain system. So what is proof of stake? It is easy to understand by taking an example from "Fengshen". Nodes pledge their rights and interests to the chain as "protons" and become "verifiers". When a block is to be produced, the system will randomly select a verifier to package the transaction. If this verifier is a "traitor" and has malicious behavior , then the system will confiscate his "protons" as punishment.
Although the mechanism is different from that of POW, the principles are the same. They all assume that there are traitors in the blockchain system, and that traitors will pay huge costs for doing evil. POW chooses to let participants answer questions, which requires a lot of computing resources and is extremely costly to control the network. POS, on the other hand, chooses to let all participants take hostages. If the traitor does evil, then his hostages will be killed.
In many PoS systems, a participant's chance of becoming a validator is directly proportional to the "stake" he holds. This means that validators who stake more assets have a higher chance of being selected as the creator of the next block. At the same time, validators are rewarded for their verification work, perhaps in the form of newly issued currency or network transaction fees.
Finally, in some POS mechanisms, the rights and interests are not only tokens, but also the time of holding the currency, reputation, points, etc., which can be counted as rights and interests. Therefore, broadly speaking, POS does not necessarily require pledging tokens.
#pos #pow #MAV
🚀 Binance PoS Network – Passive Income Ka Behtareen Tareeqa!
Agar aap crypto se passive income kamaana chahte hain, to Binance ka PoS (Proof of Stake) Network aap ke liye ek golden opportunity hai! 🌟💰
🔹 Staking ka Asaan Tareeqa – Just hold and earn!
🔹 Secure & Reliable – Binance ka trusted ecosystem
🔹 Multiple Coin Support – BNB, ETH, ADA aur bohat kuch
🔹 Flexible Rewards – Har month extra earnings
Ab trading ke bina bhi aap crypto holdings se profit kama sakte hain! 💸🔥 Staking shuru karne ke liye Binance PoS ko explore karein aur financial freedom ki taraf apna pehla qadam barhain!
Agar aap ko koi sawal hai ya Binance PoS ke baray mein aur maloomat chahte hain, to comments mein puchhna na bhoolain! ⬇️
#Binance #Pos #CryptoEarnings #staking #PassiveIncome 🚀#MarketPullback
Agar aap crypto se passive income kamaana chahte hain, to Binance ka PoS (Proof of Stake) Network aap ke liye ek golden opportunity hai! 🌟💰
🔹 Staking ka Asaan Tareeqa – Just hold and earn!
🔹 Secure & Reliable – Binance ka trusted ecosystem
🔹 Multiple Coin Support – BNB, ETH, ADA aur bohat kuch
🔹 Flexible Rewards – Har month extra earnings
Ab trading ke bina bhi aap crypto holdings se profit kama sakte hain! 💸🔥 Staking shuru karne ke liye Binance PoS ko explore karein aur financial freedom ki taraf apna pehla qadam barhain!
Agar aap ko koi sawal hai ya Binance PoS ke baray mein aur maloomat chahte hain, to comments mein puchhna na bhoolain! ⬇️
#Binance #Pos #CryptoEarnings #staking #PassiveIncome 🚀#MarketPullback
#Bitcoin #DeFi #RWAs #PoS
🚀 BounceBit: Bitcoin Reimagined for Yield & DeFi
Bitcoin is the ultimate store of value — but BounceBit takes it further, transforming BTC into the backbone of yield, security, and next-gen DeFi innovation.
🔑 Yield + Security
No more idle assets. BounceBit combines Bitcoin’s strength with DeFi’s flexibility, creating an ecosystem where BTC and stablecoins generate sustainable income.
⚙️ Core Technology
Dual-token PoS chain secured by BB + restaked BTC
EVM compatibility for scalable smart contracts
🌍 Real Use Cases
💰 Stable yields on BTC & stablecoins
🌉 Tokenized RWAs bridging TradFi ↔ Blockchain
⚡ Lightning-fast trading & settlement
📊 Structured products for dynamic returns
💎 The Role of BB
The $BB token powers governance, restaking, and yield strategies. With its deflationary model + buyback programs, $BB ensures long-term sustainability and value growth.
🌐 Building the Future
Backed by strong partnerships and community support, BounceBit is scaling into RWA channels, structured products, and CeDeFi services — laying the foundation for global on-chain finance.
🔥 BounceBit isn’t just yield — it’s Bitcoin, redefined for the future of DeFi.
$BB
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🚀 BounceBit: Bitcoin Reimagined for Yield & DeFi
Bitcoin is the ultimate store of value — but BounceBit takes it further, transforming BTC into the backbone of yield, security, and next-gen DeFi innovation.
🔑 Yield + Security
No more idle assets. BounceBit combines Bitcoin’s strength with DeFi’s flexibility, creating an ecosystem where BTC and stablecoins generate sustainable income.
⚙️ Core Technology
Dual-token PoS chain secured by BB + restaked BTC
EVM compatibility for scalable smart contracts
🌍 Real Use Cases
💰 Stable yields on BTC & stablecoins
🌉 Tokenized RWAs bridging TradFi ↔ Blockchain
⚡ Lightning-fast trading & settlement
📊 Structured products for dynamic returns
💎 The Role of BB
The $BB token powers governance, restaking, and yield strategies. With its deflationary model + buyback programs, $BB ensures long-term sustainability and value growth.
🌐 Building the Future
Backed by strong partnerships and community support, BounceBit is scaling into RWA channels, structured products, and CeDeFi services — laying the foundation for global on-chain finance.
🔥 BounceBit isn’t just yield — it’s Bitcoin, redefined for the future of DeFi.
$BB
like | Follow | and comment
#BounceBithe #ristaked #EVM #PoS #RWAs
BounceBit: Unlocking Yield on Bitcoin
Yield Meets Security
BounceBit is redefining what Bitcoin can do. Instead of letting assets sit idle, it transforms them into income-generating positions. By combining Bitcoin’s security with DeFi’s flexibility, BounceBit delivers a next-generation yield ecosystem.
Core Architecture
The network runs on a dual-token PoS chain, secured by $BB and restaked BTC. With EVM compatibility, developers can deploy smart contracts and scale applications seamlessly — all anchored by Bitcoin’s resilience.
Why It Matters
💵 Earn stable yields on BTC and stablecoins
🌉 Bridge traditional finance through tokenized RWAs
⚡ Trade efficiently with fast settlement
📊 Access structured products for optimized returns
The Role of $BB
The $BB token powers staking, governance, and yield strategies. Its deflationary mechanics — supported by buybacks — strengthen long-term tokenomics and create sustainable value for holders.
Powered by Community & Partnerships
With backing from its community and strategic partners, BounceBit is positioned to drive real adoption and innovation at scale.
Looking Ahead
The roadmap points toward expanded RWA channels, advanced structured offerings, and CeDeFi services that extend BounceBit’s impact across ecosystems.
BounceBit is more than yield — it’s the infrastructure for the next financial era.$BB
👉 Follow me for more latest updates and insights 👍
Thankyou 🙏
BounceBit: Unlocking Yield on Bitcoin
Yield Meets Security
BounceBit is redefining what Bitcoin can do. Instead of letting assets sit idle, it transforms them into income-generating positions. By combining Bitcoin’s security with DeFi’s flexibility, BounceBit delivers a next-generation yield ecosystem.
Core Architecture
The network runs on a dual-token PoS chain, secured by $BB and restaked BTC. With EVM compatibility, developers can deploy smart contracts and scale applications seamlessly — all anchored by Bitcoin’s resilience.
Why It Matters
💵 Earn stable yields on BTC and stablecoins
🌉 Bridge traditional finance through tokenized RWAs
⚡ Trade efficiently with fast settlement
📊 Access structured products for optimized returns
The Role of $BB
The $BB token powers staking, governance, and yield strategies. Its deflationary mechanics — supported by buybacks — strengthen long-term tokenomics and create sustainable value for holders.
Powered by Community & Partnerships
With backing from its community and strategic partners, BounceBit is positioned to drive real adoption and innovation at scale.
Looking Ahead
The roadmap points toward expanded RWA channels, advanced structured offerings, and CeDeFi services that extend BounceBit’s impact across ecosystems.
BounceBit is more than yield — it’s the infrastructure for the next financial era.$BB
👉 Follow me for more latest updates and insights 👍
Thankyou 🙏
The future of Web3 scalability is here with @0xPolygon
#Polygon is redefining how builders, users, and enterprises scale on Ethereum — delivering ultra-low fees, lightning-fast transactions, and seamless interoperability. From zkEVM to Polygon#POS and AggLayer, the Polygon ecosystem is leading the charge toward a unified multichain future.
$POL isn’t just another token — it’s the beating heart of this evolution, empowering governance, staking, and community-driven growth across all Polygon chains.
Whether you’re building dApps, gaming worlds, or DeFi solutions, Polygon provides the tech, tools, and community to make it happen. The next era of the internet is multichain — and #Polygon is paving the way.
Let’s keep innovating and scaling together with @0xPolygon
#Polygon is redefining how builders, users, and enterprises scale on Ethereum — delivering ultra-low fees, lightning-fast transactions, and seamless interoperability. From zkEVM to Polygon#POS and AggLayer, the Polygon ecosystem is leading the charge toward a unified multichain future.
$POL isn’t just another token — it’s the beating heart of this evolution, empowering governance, staking, and community-driven growth across all Polygon chains.
Whether you’re building dApps, gaming worlds, or DeFi solutions, Polygon provides the tech, tools, and community to make it happen. The next era of the internet is multichain — and #Polygon is paving the way.
Let’s keep innovating and scaling together with @0xPolygon
With the launch of @Zilliqa 2.0, the team delivers:
→ A refocus on the base layer
→ Full EVM compatibility for developers
→ 1-second block times for scalability
→ A secure Proof-of-Stake network
Zilliqa is building the foundation to power innovation, adoption, and the next generation of Web3 applications.
#ZILUSDT #ProofOfStake #Web3 #ScalabilitySolved #POS @Zilliqa $ZIL
→ A refocus on the base layer
→ Full EVM compatibility for developers
→ 1-second block times for scalability
→ A secure Proof-of-Stake network
Zilliqa is building the foundation to power innovation, adoption, and the next generation of Web3 applications.
#ZILUSDT #ProofOfStake #Web3 #ScalabilitySolved #POS @Zilliqa $ZIL
The Environmental Debate around Crypto Gaming
Whenever I hear people criticize crypto gaming, the environmental argument always resurfaces. It’s a topic that has shaped public perception for years, often overshadowing the real innovation happening in Web3. But as someone deeply involved with @Yield Guild Games and the broader blockchain gaming ecosystem, I’ve seen firsthand how much this conversation has evolved. The environmental debate today is no longer a simple blockchain bad, gaming good narrative. It’s far more nuanced, and frankly, far more optimistic than most people realize.
To be honest early blockchain systems weren’t perfect. Proof-of-Work chains consumed significant energy, and critics quickly tied that narrative to all of crypto, including gaming. Even though most Web3 games were never running on energy-intensive networks, the industry ended up carrying the weight of that perception. But the shift toward sustainability has been dramatic. Today, the majority of Web3 gaming ecosystems, including those supported by YGG, rely on Proof-of-Stake chains, #sidechains , and Layer-2 solutions that use a fraction of the energy traditional systems once did.
What many people don’t realize is that modern PoS chains often consume less energy than popular Web2 platforms. The carbon footprint of a transaction on chains like Polygon, #solana , or certain L2s is often lower than sending an email or watching a short video clip. That’s how far the technology has progressed. And this is the landscape where crypto gaming now operates. The narrative of blockchain harms the environment begins to fall apart when you look at how sustainable the infrastructure has become.
I think from a YGG perspective, this matters deeply because our communities are global and socially aware. Players and scholars want to participate in ecosystems that are not only fun and rewarding, but also responsible. YGG’s network of partners has increasingly shifted toward chains that emphasize sustainability. Many of the games we support have migrated to more energy-efficient networks or were built on them from the start. Developers now choose #Pos ecosystems not only because they are cheaper and faster, but because they align with modern environmental expectations.
Another thing that often gets overlooked is how decentralized infrastructure can actually reduce environmental strain compared to traditional gaming. Think about massive centralized servers required for Web2 games. These servers must run 24/7, often at a global scale, and require huge cooling systems, maintenance, and operational overhead. Blockchain networks distribute that load across nodes, many of which already exist for other purposes. Instead of relying on massive data centers owned by a single corporation, decentralized gaming takes advantage of shared infrastructure with a much smaller incremental footprint.
Then there’s renewable energy. PoS validators and node operators are increasingly choosing to operate on renewable power. Not because it’s mandated, but because it lowers costs and aligns with community values. Sustainability is becoming a competitive advantage. Entire ecosystems now celebrate carbon-neutral operations. Some even go the extra mile with carbon offsets or partnerships with environmental organizations.
The environmental criticisms were never entirely baseless, but they are now outdated. The conversation must evolve with the technology and the reality is that Web3 gaming is moving toward sustainability at a pace that few industries can match. YGG’s involvement, support, and partnerships play a key role in that shift because guilds amplify sustainable ecosystems through community adoption. When guilds choose to back games on efficient networks, players follow, developers notice, and the entire market begins to align with greener standards.
Another aspect I think about is how Web3 gaming empowers players in emerging markets regions where mobile devices dominate and energy consumption per user is already low. For many of these players, Web3 gaming provides opportunities that didn’t exist before. To criticize the environmental impact without acknowledging the socioeconomic benefits creates an incomplete picture. YGG’s mission has always been about access, empowerment, and opportunity. When sustainable chains intersect with these goals, the results can be life-changing.
The future is where the real promise lies. As technology continues to evolve, zero-knowledge proofs, #rollups , modular blockchains, and next-generation L1s will further reduce resource usage. We are moving toward a world where blockchain gaming transactions may become effectively carbon-neutral by default. YGG will continue supporting ecosystems that lead this movement, ensuring our scholars and players participate in gaming worlds that align with modern environmental standards.
The environmental debate is not going away but it’s no longer a barrier. It’s becoming a catalyst for innovation. Web3 gaming has transformed dramatically in just a few years, and the sustainability narrative is shifting just as fast. When I talk about this topic today, I’m not defensive I’m optimistic. Because I’ve watched the space evolve. I’ve seen guilds like YGG push for better technology and more responsible ecosystems. And I genuinely believe that the future of blockchain gaming will not only be more sustainable than its past it may even become one of the greenest sectors in digital entertainment.
The environmental debate around crypto gaming is not a crisis anymore. It’s a turning point. YGG is helping guide that transition toward a cleaner, smarter, and more sustainable Web3 gaming future.
@Yield Guild Games
#YGGPlay
$YGG
To be honest early blockchain systems weren’t perfect. Proof-of-Work chains consumed significant energy, and critics quickly tied that narrative to all of crypto, including gaming. Even though most Web3 games were never running on energy-intensive networks, the industry ended up carrying the weight of that perception. But the shift toward sustainability has been dramatic. Today, the majority of Web3 gaming ecosystems, including those supported by YGG, rely on Proof-of-Stake chains, #sidechains , and Layer-2 solutions that use a fraction of the energy traditional systems once did.
What many people don’t realize is that modern PoS chains often consume less energy than popular Web2 platforms. The carbon footprint of a transaction on chains like Polygon, #solana , or certain L2s is often lower than sending an email or watching a short video clip. That’s how far the technology has progressed. And this is the landscape where crypto gaming now operates. The narrative of blockchain harms the environment begins to fall apart when you look at how sustainable the infrastructure has become.
I think from a YGG perspective, this matters deeply because our communities are global and socially aware. Players and scholars want to participate in ecosystems that are not only fun and rewarding, but also responsible. YGG’s network of partners has increasingly shifted toward chains that emphasize sustainability. Many of the games we support have migrated to more energy-efficient networks or were built on them from the start. Developers now choose #Pos ecosystems not only because they are cheaper and faster, but because they align with modern environmental expectations.
Another thing that often gets overlooked is how decentralized infrastructure can actually reduce environmental strain compared to traditional gaming. Think about massive centralized servers required for Web2 games. These servers must run 24/7, often at a global scale, and require huge cooling systems, maintenance, and operational overhead. Blockchain networks distribute that load across nodes, many of which already exist for other purposes. Instead of relying on massive data centers owned by a single corporation, decentralized gaming takes advantage of shared infrastructure with a much smaller incremental footprint.
Then there’s renewable energy. PoS validators and node operators are increasingly choosing to operate on renewable power. Not because it’s mandated, but because it lowers costs and aligns with community values. Sustainability is becoming a competitive advantage. Entire ecosystems now celebrate carbon-neutral operations. Some even go the extra mile with carbon offsets or partnerships with environmental organizations.
The environmental criticisms were never entirely baseless, but they are now outdated. The conversation must evolve with the technology and the reality is that Web3 gaming is moving toward sustainability at a pace that few industries can match. YGG’s involvement, support, and partnerships play a key role in that shift because guilds amplify sustainable ecosystems through community adoption. When guilds choose to back games on efficient networks, players follow, developers notice, and the entire market begins to align with greener standards.
Another aspect I think about is how Web3 gaming empowers players in emerging markets regions where mobile devices dominate and energy consumption per user is already low. For many of these players, Web3 gaming provides opportunities that didn’t exist before. To criticize the environmental impact without acknowledging the socioeconomic benefits creates an incomplete picture. YGG’s mission has always been about access, empowerment, and opportunity. When sustainable chains intersect with these goals, the results can be life-changing.
The future is where the real promise lies. As technology continues to evolve, zero-knowledge proofs, #rollups , modular blockchains, and next-generation L1s will further reduce resource usage. We are moving toward a world where blockchain gaming transactions may become effectively carbon-neutral by default. YGG will continue supporting ecosystems that lead this movement, ensuring our scholars and players participate in gaming worlds that align with modern environmental standards.
The environmental debate is not going away but it’s no longer a barrier. It’s becoming a catalyst for innovation. Web3 gaming has transformed dramatically in just a few years, and the sustainability narrative is shifting just as fast. When I talk about this topic today, I’m not defensive I’m optimistic. Because I’ve watched the space evolve. I’ve seen guilds like YGG push for better technology and more responsible ecosystems. And I genuinely believe that the future of blockchain gaming will not only be more sustainable than its past it may even become one of the greenest sectors in digital entertainment.
The environmental debate around crypto gaming is not a crisis anymore. It’s a turning point. YGG is helping guide that transition toward a cleaner, smarter, and more sustainable Web3 gaming future.
@Yield Guild Games
#YGGPlay
$YGG
POLYGON FOUNDATION: POLYGON POS ISSUE RESOLVED, BLOCK EXPLORERS MAY STILL SHOW DELAYS
The Polygon Foundation stated that Polygon PoS experienced an issue earlier today affecting RPC nodes, but the network remained online and continued producing blocks with no on-chain disruption. The team identified the issue and deployed a patch to node operators. Validators are now syncing and restoring quorum. The issue has been resolved and all functions are restored, though block explorers may still show temporary delays.
#Polygon #POS #CryptoNews
#Polygon #POS #CryptoNews
Ouroboros: An Eco-Friendly and Safe Consensus for Cardano! 🐍♻️
At the core of Cardano lies the unique and scientifically proven consensus mechanism Ouroboros. This is the first Proof-of-Stake (PoS) protocol that has been formally verified for security.
How it works: Instead of energy-intensive "mining," as in Proof-of-Work, Ouroboros selects ADA holders (stakers) to validate transactions and create new blocks based on the amount of ADA they "stake" (lock) in the network.
Slots and Epochs: Time in the Cardano blockchain is divided into "slots" (seconds) and "epochs" (5 days). In each slot, a "slot leader" is randomly selected, who has the right to create a block.
Security: The Ouroboros protocol is designed to ensure the same or even higher security than Proof-of-Work, but with much lower energy consumption.
Eco-Friendliness: Thanks to PoS, Cardano is significantly more energy-efficient than PoW blockchains, making it attractive for eco-oriented projects.
Ouroboros is one of the key innovations of Cardano, ensuring its scalability, security, and sustainability.
#Cardano #ADA #Ouroboros #PoS #Binance $ADA
At the core of Cardano lies the unique and scientifically proven consensus mechanism Ouroboros. This is the first Proof-of-Stake (PoS) protocol that has been formally verified for security.
How it works: Instead of energy-intensive "mining," as in Proof-of-Work, Ouroboros selects ADA holders (stakers) to validate transactions and create new blocks based on the amount of ADA they "stake" (lock) in the network.
Slots and Epochs: Time in the Cardano blockchain is divided into "slots" (seconds) and "epochs" (5 days). In each slot, a "slot leader" is randomly selected, who has the right to create a block.
Security: The Ouroboros protocol is designed to ensure the same or even higher security than Proof-of-Work, but with much lower energy consumption.
Eco-Friendliness: Thanks to PoS, Cardano is significantly more energy-efficient than PoW blockchains, making it attractive for eco-oriented projects.
Ouroboros is one of the key innovations of Cardano, ensuring its scalability, security, and sustainability.
#Cardano #ADA #Ouroboros #PoS #Binance $ADA
⭐THE POLYGON EVOLUTION
@0xPolygon has transformed Ethereum scalability into a working reality.
With $POL powering staking, governance, and validator rewards, #Polygon is redefining how value moves across blockchains.
It’s not just about lower gas fees; it’s about building a modular ecosystem where #zkEVMs , #Pos , and #Supernets all interconnect.
Polygon 2.0 brings unified liquidity and interoperability across every layer.
The future of scaling isn’t a dream anymore.
It’s deployed, running, and trusted by millions of users and developers who see Polygon as the backbone of a faster, cheaper, and more secure decentralized web.
@0xPolygon has transformed Ethereum scalability into a working reality.
With $POL powering staking, governance, and validator rewards, #Polygon is redefining how value moves across blockchains.
It’s not just about lower gas fees; it’s about building a modular ecosystem where #zkEVMs , #Pos , and #Supernets all interconnect.
Polygon 2.0 brings unified liquidity and interoperability across every layer.
The future of scaling isn’t a dream anymore.
It’s deployed, running, and trusted by millions of users and developers who see Polygon as the backbone of a faster, cheaper, and more secure decentralized web.
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