Billionaire Larry Ellison expanded borrowing against shares in Oracle, Tesla, SpaceX and Paramount Skydance to support his son David Ellison’s acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery. According to Sina Finance, Larry Ellison had planned this summer to sell about $7.5 billion in Oracle shares to raise cash for the deal, but instead canceled the sale and increased his borrowing before the transaction closed.

California regulatory filings show that Citigroup, HSBC, JPMorgan, UBS and BNP Paribas provided loans secured by his shares. In September, Oracle said Ellison had canceled the planned share sale. It also disclosed that he had pledged 413 million Oracle shares, worth about $58 billion, against personal debt, up from 346 million shares disclosed a year earlier.

The filings show that banks held security interests in a combined 87 million Oracle shares, compared with about 30 million a year earlier. The amount Ellison borrowed is not known. Market researchers and private bankers said loans against highly liquid shares such as Oracle’s are often about half the shares’ value when the loan is made. At current prices, 87 million Oracle shares could support about $5.7 billion in financing, though lenders may apply a lower valuation, particularly for large, concentrated holdings.

JPMorgan expanded a loan agreement on October 1 that had been signed in May 2025, adding SpaceX and Paramount Skydance shares to Oracle and Tesla shares as collateral. Citigroup added SpaceX and Paramount Skydance shares on September 25, increased its Oracle collateral from 30 million to 45 million shares, and took a security interest in 1.5 million Tesla shares, down from 3 million. UBS’s latest filing, in May, showed a security interest in 30 million Oracle shares. BNP Paribas filed in October 2025 for security interests in 12 million Oracle shares and 1 million Tesla shares. HSBC has held a security interest in some Oracle shares since January 2013 but did not disclose the number.

The $81 billion Warner Bros. acquisition was completed on October 6. Paramount Skydance shares were to convert into Skydance shares on the closing date. Oracle said its board’s corporate governance committee reviews Ellison’s share pledges quarterly and determined he could repay his personal loans without selling pledged shares.