Multiple intelligence sources and media reports reveal that the Maduro regime may have accumulated approximately 600,000 to 660,000 Bitcoins (BTC) through 'shadow reserves', valued at around 6 billion to 6.7 billion US dollars. These Bitcoins are reportedly not personally held by Maduro, but are accumulated by the Venezuelan regime (including his close associates) through the following methods: selling gold for Bitcoin since 2018
settling oil exports using USDT and then converting to Bitcoin
confiscating domestic mining equipment