physics

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U.S. stock ownership by U.S. households and nonprofits hits all-time record.

Ice may not be as inert as it seems. A new study published in Nature Physics has discovered that ordinary ice can generate electricity when it is bent, twisted, or stretched - a property known as flexoelectricity.

The research, led by teams from the Institut Català de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) in Spain, Xian Jiaotong University in China, and Stony Brook University in the U.S., found that ice's electrical behavior shifts with temperature, challenging long-held assumptions about one of Earth's most familiar materials.

Unlike piezoelectricity, which requires specific crystal symmetry, flexoelectricity can occur in any material. In controlled lab tests, bending a slab of ice between electrodes consistently produced an electric potential, mirroring the charges seen in storm cloud ice collisions that trigger lightning. At ultra-low temperatures, researchers also detected a ferroelectric layer on the ice's surface-capable of flipping polarity like a magnet.

"This paper changes how we view ice: from a passive material to an active material," said lead author Xin Wen of ICN2.

The discovery places ice alongside advanced electroceramic materials used in sensors and capacitors. It may also help explain natural electrical phenomena in thunderstorms and inspire future technologies that exploit ice's surprising electromechanical versatility.

Source: Nature Physics

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After 16 years and $1.83 trillion, I finally understand what #Bitcoin truly is.

It’s not digital #gold ,
not a payment system,
and not even just money.

Bitcoin is the first system in human history where trust comes from physics, not politics.

Here’s what that means 👇

Your bank account exists because the government allows it.
They can freeze it, print more money, or change the rules anytime.

Bitcoin exists because of energy and math.
Every block costs about $281,700 worth of electricity to create.
You cannot print energy, and you cannot change physics by voting.

To change even one day of Bitcoin's history, you’d need $40 million of electricity.
To change one day of banking history?
Just one phone call.

This is why Bitcoin keeps going.
Not because of price.
Not because people “believe.”
But because of math.

📌 Metcalfe’s Law predicts Bitcoin’s price with 90% accuracy over 15 years —
the same math used to explain how viruses spread or how earthquakes chain-react.

📌 Game theory explains why nobody has ever successfully attacked Bitcoin in 16 years —
the same logic that stops nuclear wars and keeps traffic working.

📌 Thermodynamics explains why attacking Bitcoin costs more than defending it —
the same physics that makes fake gold impossible.

Three scientific laws.
Sixteen years of real-world proof.
$1.83 trillion in value supporting it.

All other money in history asked:
“Do you trust us?”

Bitcoin asks:
“Can you do the math?”

For 5,000 years, money depended on trusting kings, priests, politicians, or central banks.

For 16 years, Bitcoin has depended only on verifying physics.

You don’t have to “believe” in Bitcoin.

People didn’t believe in the internet either.
In its 16th year (2005), many thought it was still a fad.
Yet today, you’re reading this because of the internet.

Any technology that removes the need for trust always wins.
Always.
Maybe not today.
Maybe not this year.
But eventually.
Because #physics is patient.
And physics never negotiates.
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