An attacker borrowed roughly 55.2 million KAVA, valued at about $3.76 million pre-attack, from Kava Lend by inflating deposits in a dormant BUSD market roughly 243,000-fold.
Approximately 49.2 million KAVA was bridged to BNB Chain via LayerZero and sold for about $2.1 million in BNB and USDT.
The KAVA token fell nearly 50% to record lows near $0.036, while Kava paused the Axelar bridge and exchanges suspended transfers.
An attacker drained nearly all available KAVA from the Kava Lend protocol late Friday, borrowing about 55.2 million tokens worth roughly $3.76 million at the pre-attack price of $0.068 after artificially inflating collateral in a dormant BUSD market, according to on-chain analysis.
The exploit targeted an arithmetic flaw in the interest accrual logic of the idle BUSD market, which had seen little activity since 2023. By driving the net supply near zero, the attacker caused deposit values to surge approximately 243,000 times within minutes, then used the inflated collateral to borrow KAVA across 127 transactions while employing a second account to liquidate loans and bypass borrowing limits. The protocol’s module account, which held 55.33 million KAVA, was reduced to just 0.19 KAVA in roughly 90 minutes, as detailed in the Bitquery investigation.
Beginning early Saturday, the attacker bridged about 49.2 million KAVA to BNB Chain through the LayerZero bridge and sold most of it within an hour for 3,006.5 BNB and 231,557 USDT, realizing approximately $2.09 million. A portion of proceeds, including 612,416 USDT, was later blocked at the Relay bridge. Kava addressed the incident in a post on X, stating: “To clarify: This is not an infinite mint. The event is isolated and contained within Kava Lend.”
Partner exchanges, including Upbit, Bithumb and Coinone, paused KAVA deposits and withdrawals as a precaution. Kava also suspended cross-chain withdrawals through the Axelar bridge, promising a full incident report. The KAVA token plunged nearly 50% in 24 hours to all-time lows near $0.036, far outpacing broader market declines, with trading volume surging as the sell-off hit thin liquidity on BNB Chain.
Lenders face a severe liquidity shortfall, as the pool now owes far more KAVA than it holds in available assets. The incident underscores risks in dormant markets within lending protocols, where near-zero supply can trigger extreme index manipulations without creating new tokens. Kava has not yet detailed user restitution or a precise timeline for protocol recovery.
