BIS dropped a working paper (Sept 2026) basically saying all your favorite on-chain metrics are cope.

Their take: on-chain indicators = noisy approximations at best. Not direct measures of real economic activity.

Why? Because most DeFi/crypto activity metrics are heavily dependent on:
- Methodological choices
- Underlying assumptions
- How you interpret the data

TLDR: Don't trust on-chain data blindly. It's not as clean or accurate as you think. Question your sources, question the methodology.

This matters for anyone making trade decisions based on "on-chain signals" or DeFi TVL pumps. You might be trading noise, not alpha.