A strategy can fail even when every individual assumption looks reasonable.

Why?

Because assumptions can become correlated during stress.

Imagine a model expects:

Liquidity to remain adequate.

Volatility to stay within historical ranges.

Correlations to remain manageable.

Stops to execute near expected prices.

Each assumption may be reasonable independently.

But during a market shock, all four can fail simultaneously.

That creates assumption correlation.

Risk models often underestimate this because they stress variables one at a time.

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The harder test is to model joint failure:

What happens if volatility doubles while liquidity disappears and correlations rise?

Can the portfolio still exit?

Can position sizes still be defended?

Real crises rarely break one assumption at a time.

The strength of a system is not determined by how well each component survives an isolated shock.

It is determined by what remains functional when several reasonable assumptions fail together.