cryptocurrecy

Key Insights

The Merge upgrades transitioned Ethereum from a proof-of-work to a proof-of-stake blockchain.The Surge upgrades aim to enhance Ethereum's transactions per second (TPS) to 100,000.The Scourge upgrades focus on improving decentralization within the network.The Verge upgrades introduce new technologies to simplify node operation.The Purge upgrades aim to remove outdated blockchain data for improved efficiency.The Splurge upgrades encompass various enhancements not categorized in the previous upgrades.

Ethereum Upgrade Roadmap
The Merge

On September 15, 2022, the Merge upgrade successfully transformed Ethereum from a proof-of-work blockchain to a proof-of-stake blockchain, resulting in a 99.9% reduction in energy consumption.

Merge in Ethereum
Ethereum
Due to the complexity of transitioning the entire mainnet in one step, Ethereum implemented a strategic plan that involved creating a side chain. Mainnet miners migrated to this side chain, known as the "beacon chain," where they became validators by staking 32 ETH. The two chains ultimately merged, positioning Ethereum as an energy-efficient blockchain.

The Surge

The subsequent Surge upgrades focused on significantly increasing Ethereum's transaction speed from 15 TPS to over 100,000 TPS.

Dencun Upgrade

The first and only upgrade in this series, known as the Dencun Upgrade or Proto-Dank Sharding, was implemented on March 13, 2024. It introduced a feature called "blob," reducing costs for layer 2 solutions and bulk transaction generators to add transactions to the Ethereum blockchain. As a result, Ethereum gas prices plummeted by 99%. This reduction in gas prices correlates with network TPS, suggesting that Ethereum achieved a TPS of approximately 1,500 transactions.

Sharding

Blob transactions are temporary, retaining their data for only a few months. The Sharding Upgrade is intended to address this issue and will represent the ultimate advancement in Ethereum's scaling efforts, aiming to achieve TPS of over 100,000. This upgrade involves dividing Ethereum's current validator network (about 1 million validators) into smaller groups known as "shards," reportedly totaling 64. These shards will operate independently and can add blocks to the Ethereum blockchain.
To implement this effectively, each shard needs a sufficient number of validators for security. Vitalik Buterin, the founder of Ethereum, has proposed lowering the validator stake requirement from 32 ETH to 1 ETH.

The Pectra Upgrade

The Pectra Upgrades, which include the Prague and Electra enhancements, will enable Ethereum users to pay gas fees using cryptocurrencies other than ETH, such as USDT or DAI. These improvements will also enhance the efficiency of interactions between Layer 1 and Layer 2 networks. The Pectra Upgrades are scheduled for implementation from 2025 to 2026 in two phases.

EIP 7781

Ben Adams, founder of Ilyriad Games, has proposed EIP 7781 to reduce the block slot time from the current 12 seconds to 8 seconds, which could enhance Ethereum's block speed by 50%. Vitalik Buterin supports this proposal, which would also decrease the time required for block finalization from 2-3 epochs to just 1 epoch. An epoch measures the time needed to finalize a process and varies by system.

The Scourge

The Scourge series of upgrades aims to enhance decentralization within the Ethereum network. A recent survey shared by Vitalik Buterin indicated that 44% of individuals cannot become validators due to the 32 ETH stake requirement (approximately $83,200).

Ethereum Quotes a Survey To Highlight Ethereum’s 32 Eth Stake Is Too Big
Vitalik Buterin

In response, Buterin announced on October 14, 2024, that Ethereum plans to reduce the validator stake from 32 ETH to 1 ETH to allow more solo validators to join the network. Additionally, the complexity of running a validator node has been identified as a barrier. To address this, Buterin previously suggested developing a lightweight Ethereum client that could run on mobile devices, although this goal appears to be distant at present.

The Verge

The Verge upgrades will introduce Verkle Trees, which are vector-driven Merkle trees. These trees will simplify node operation and reduce hardware demands. Furthermore, Verkle Trees will enable zero-knowledge solutions to submit smaller, more efficient state proofs for verifying and finalizing Layer 2 transactions.

The Purge

The Purge series will focus on removing older blocks from the blockchain, enhancing speed and accessibility for nodes. Legacy data is generally unnecessary unless executing a hard fork in Ethereum, which would revert the chain by 7 or 8 years—an undesirable and nearly impossible scenario. However, this data will still be accessible off-chain via a portal or as call data on some deprecated blocks.

The Splurge

The Splurge will consist of various miscellaneous upgrades occurring concurrently with other upgrades.

Account Abstraction

One significant aspect of the Splurge upgrades is Account Abstraction, which will allow ETH wallet holders to recover their wallets even if they forget their private keys. Moreover, this feature will enable users to pay gas fees with the same cryptocurrency they hold on the Ethereum network, such as USDT or USDC, eliminating the need to acquire ETH for transactions.

Tags: #Ethereum #Crypto #cryptocurrecy

How to Earn $12 to $18 Every Day on Binance Without Any Investment
Most people think earning from Binance requires trading experience or big capital. That’s not true. Binance gives everyone a chance to earn for free through campaigns, referrals, rewards, and airdrops. If you’re consistent, you can make between $12 and $18 daily—which becomes $360 to $540 per month—without spending a single dollar.
Step 1: Earn from Binance Learn & Earn
Binance often runs short educational campaigns. All you do is watch videos or read lessons and then complete quick quizzes. In return, you get free tokens.
Average reward: $4–$6 per campaign
If you join regularly, you can make $5–$6 daily
Pro tip: Don’t sell these tokens instantly. Many times their value increases after listing, giving you even more profit.
Step 2: Use the Referral Program for Passive Income
The referral system is one of the easiest ways to earn. Binance gives you a referral link. Whenever someone registers and trades with your link, you get a percentage of their trading fees.
Average reward: $5–$6 daily (with just a few active referrals)
If you have social media, a WhatsApp group, or friends interested in crypto, your income can grow much higher.
You don’t need trading knowledge, just consistency in sharing your link and helping others understand Binance.
Step 3: Complete Tasks & Promotions
Inside Binance, there’s a Task Center and Rewards Hub. Here you’ll find small tasks like
Daily login bonuses
Cashback vouchers
Testing new features
Joining staking trials
These tasks are super easy and can give $3–$5 daily. During special promotions the earnings can be much more. Just make sure you check these sections every day so you don’t miss out.
Step 4: Join Airdrops & Launchpool Events
Binance regularly gives away free tokens through airdrop campaigns and Launchpool events. By participating, you can collect tokens from new projects, many of which increase in price after launch.
Average reward: $2–$3 daily (calculated over time)
If a project performs well, your rewards can multiply quickly.
Daily Earnings Breakdown
Here’s a realistic plan combining everything:
Learn & Earn → $5–$6
Referrals → $5–$6
Tasks & Promotions → $3–$5
Airdrops & Launchpool → $2–$3
✅ Total = $12–$18 every day
✅ Monthly = $360–$540—all risk-free
Why This Strategy Works
Binance wants more users and more activity, so it rewards those who participate. Instead of risking money in trading, you’re earning directly from Binance’s reward system.
No capital needed—only 20–30 minutes a day
Rewards can be saved, traded, or reinvested later
Steady, compounding income builds a strong base for future crypto growth
Final Thoughts
Earning on Binance without investment is 100% possible. By using Learn & Earn, referrals, tasks, and airdrops, you can build reliable income every day. The key is consistency.
Even if it feels small at first, those rewards stack up. Month after month, you’re building not just income but also experience in the crypto space.
#cryptocurrecy #binance